Prevalence and correlates of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms among individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan fasting: A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh amid the COVID-19

Abstract

Psychological concerns relating to "diabetes distress" (DD) and depressive symptoms (DS) in individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may negatively impact adherence to medical treatments and overall mental health. Thus, this study was undertaken to investigate DS and DD in relation to fasting during the month of Ramadan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 735 patients with T2DM in 2021. DD and DS were measured by the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Logistic regression and correlation analyses were executed.Results: More than one-third of the participants (41.2%) had DD and DS (36.9%). DS was significantly higher in participants who did not fast (p = 0.027). Participants who had higher dietary diversity were less likely to have DD (p = 0.004) and DS (p = 0.001). Females (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.25-2.85) and those who lived alone (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.25-2.85) were more likely to have DS. Participants with diabetes-related complications were more likely to experience DS (AOR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.5-3.13) and DD (AOR = 3.46; 95% CI: 2.42-4.95). DD was also associated with being younger (p = 0.003), having hypertension (p = 0.030), having heart disease (p = 0.012), and taking insulin (p = 0.010). Conclusions: Individuals with T2DM who were not fasting experienced more mental health concerns. Psychosocial support and other interventions from health professionals should be examined and empirical interventions should be implemented to promote the mental health and well-being of individuals with T2DM.

Depression among Bangladeshi diabetic patients: a cross-sectional, systematic review, and meta-analysis study

“…In addition, a monthly income of less than 6000 BDT was associated with a high risk of depression compared to earning more than 6000 BDT [9]. A study reported that married or divorced/separated persons were less likely to be depressed than unmarried patients [24]. No formal education increased the risk of depression compared to a master's or above degree [24].…”

“…A study reported that married or divorced/separated persons were less likely to be depressed than unmarried patients [24]. No formal education increased the risk of depression compared to a master's or above degree [24]. In addition, patients living alone were at a 2.6 times higher risk of suffering from depression than those living with a spouse or children [24].…”

“…No formal education increased the risk of depression compared to a master's or above degree [24]. In addition, patients living alone were at a 2.6 times higher risk of suffering from depression than those living with a spouse or children [24]. Suffering from chronic diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, etc., was reported significantly increase the risk of depression among patients in 3 studies [9,21,24].…”

Ramadan Fasting and Diabetes (2022): The Year in Review

“…Sultana et al investigated DS and DD about fasting during Ramadan. 40 A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 735 patients with T2DM in 2021. DD and DS were measured by the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively.…”

Live experience of people with diabetes mellitus on selfmanagement during COVID-19 in remote area of Indonesia

“…As a result, 1.6 million people die from diabetes yearly (2). During COVID-19, people with DM have a high risk of dying (3)(4)(5). A previous study found that DM is a major risk factor for developing severe pneumonia and sepsis (6).…”