Prevalence and correlates of anal intercourse among female sex workers in eSwatini

Owen, Branwen Nia; M-Giroux, Mathieu; Matse, Sindy; Mnisi, Zandile; Baral, Stefan; Ketende, Sosthenes; Baggaley, Rebecca F.; Boily, Marie Claude

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228849

Cited by 5 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Among the key groups, the lowest prevalence among those infected was found in sex workers (0.53%) and homeless people (0.66%). This is much lesser than the results found in studies in the international sphere, which report 5%-70% prevalence for the first group 7,8 and 16%-28% for populations similar to homeless people in countries such as Ukraine 11 or 7.8%-16.2% in other studies with homeless people in Medellín, Colombia. 19,20 These results lead to the development of three hypotheses.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

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<p>HIV Prevalence and Associated Factors in Key Groups and General Population Treated at a Health Care Institution in Colombia in 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Cardona‐Arias¹,

Correa²,

Higuita-Gutiérrez³

2020

HIV

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Background: Research conducted on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and its associated factors among key groups in Colombia is scarce. The few available studies show heterogeneity in their results and increasing trends of infection. This study analyses the prevalence of HIV and associated factors in key groups served at a health care institution in Colombia in 2019. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study with the sample comprised of 5771 subjects from the general population, the LGBTI community, sex workers, people who inject drugs and prisoners. The diagnosis was based on a fourth-generation ELISA. Variables related to sociodemographics, healthcare, sexual risk factors and biological measures of infected subjects were analysed. Prevalence and odds ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals, and logistic regression models were performed to identify confounding variables and interactions between independent variables using SPSS 25.0. Results: The prevalence of HIV was 0.27% among the general population, 0.53% among sex workers, 0.66% among the homeless, 2.44% among transgender persons, 2.44% among prisoners, 5.36% among men who have sex with men and 7.92% among injection drug users. The explanatory model showed higher prevalence among men, those with higher education levels, those with no health coverage, those who have sex with people from key groups and those with sexually transmitted infections, with some interactions between the latter variables. Conclusion: A high prevalence of infection was found in the key groups, while the main explanatory factors for high infection rates were identified. The data show that national and global goals related to controlling HIV have not been achieved mainly in groups that are at a higher risk of obtaining and transmitting it and, paradoxically, also that are excluded from the national health coverage.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…[4][5][6] Among sex workers, the prevalence has been 5% -70%, with a high co-infection of syphilis (5%), chlamydia (8%) and gonorrhoea (2%). 7,8 In persons deprived of liberty have been reported prevalence as low as 0.47% or 2-10 times higher than the general population. 9,10 In homeless was 17%, with heavy alcohol and injection drug use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>HIV Prevalence and Associated Factors in Key Groups and General Population Treated at a Health Care Institution in Colombia in 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Cardona‐Arias¹,

Correa²,

Higuita-Gutiérrez³

2020

HIV

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“…Condom use during heterosexual AI was generally low among FSWs and among some men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) populations with prevalence estimates ranging from about 3% to about 70% 18 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 35 compared to studies reporting heterosexual AI among men and women in the general population whose estimates were over 90% 20 , 26 , 28 , 29 . Studies focusing on men and women in the general population showed that men generally used condoms during AI more than women 17 , 20 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The prevalence estimates for heterosexual AI ranged from 1.1% among 501 men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) 25 to 59% among 488 female sex workers (FSWs) 31 . Eight studies reported HIV prevalence and or incidences of participants 17 , 20 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 35 , 36 . The participants' HIV status and their relationship with AI practices was however noticed in half of the 8 studies 17 , 20 , 35 , 36 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight studies reported HIV prevalence and or incidences of participants 17 , 20 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 35 , 36 . The participants' HIV status and their relationship with AI practices was however noticed in half of the 8 studies 17 , 20 , 35 , 36 . There was no difference in HIV prevalence in relation to AI practices in 2 studies 17 , 35 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Condom use and risk factors of inconsistent or low use of the condoms during heterosexual anal intercourse in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

Nyoni¹,

James²

2022

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Anal intercourse (AI) has been reported to be the riskiest among other sexual intercourses in spreading human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the risk could be minimized by the use of condoms. Whilst AI is believed to be practised mainly by men who have sex with men, AI has also been reported to occur in heterosexual relationships. However, data on condom use during heterosexual AI are inadequate in sub-Saharan Africa. Method: A scoping review of English language published articles on condom use during heterosexual anal sex, whose studies were conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa from January 2010 to May 2020 was conducted. Articles were searched systematically on PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases. Heterosexual AI was defined as penile penetrative anal sexbetween a man and a woman regardless of the sexual orientation of the 2 parties involved in the act of heterosexual AI. Findings: A total of 21 studies were eligible for analysis. Most of the studies (17 out of 21) reported females to be involved in heterosexual AI whilst 9 out of 21 studies reported males to be involved in heterosexual AI. The lifetime prevalence estimate of condom use during heterosexual AI ranged from 29%-97.5%. Other prevalence estimates of condom use duringheterosexual anal intercourse were reported over various recall periods which were: 12 months’ recall period with prevalence estimates ranging from 2.9%-59%; prevalence estimates for the past 3 months which ranged from 50%-94.4%; 1 month’s recall period with prevalence estimates ranging from 5%-96% and prevalence estimates for the last intercourse experienced ranging from 1%-55%. Condom use during heterosexual AI was generally low and/or inconsistent among female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) and some women in the general population. There were no risk factors identified in the study for the inconsistent or low use of condoms during heterosexual AI. Conclusion: Evidence from this study suggests condom use during heterosexual AI could be fairly low especially among groups such as FSWs, MSMW and some women in the general population. Risk factors for using condoms inconsistently or using condoms less during heterosexual AI are not clear. Heterosexual anal intercourse and condom use during the AIpractice is generally an under-studied subject in Sub-Saharan Africa. Future studies need to explore on heterosexual AI and condom use practices during AI comprehensively so that there can be concrete evidence on the subject which will inform targeted interventions aimed at reducing HIV among heterosexual populations in SSA. Keywords: Heterosexual anal intercourse; condom use; sub-Saharan Africa.

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Epidemiology of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder among female sex workers in Mbeya City, Tanzania

Augustine,

Maganga,

Francis

2023

Preprint

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BackgroundAlcohol misuse is a global concern, contributing to 5.3% of total deaths and 132.6 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide. In Sub-Saharan African countries, the prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) has risen, especially among female sex workers, due to increased availability and advertising. However, there are limited studies on alcohol use and AUD among female sex workers in Tanzania.Study ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the prevalence, patterns, and factors associated with alcohol use and AUD among sex workers in Mbeya city, Tanzania.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 212 female sex workers in Mbeya city, Tanzania, seeking enrolment in the National Institute for Medical Research Mbeya Medical Research Centre’s registration cohort from July to November 2022. Structured interviews covered socio-demographics, alcohol screening (AUDIT-C and Timeline Follow Back Calendar), and sexual behaviours data. Data were analysed using Stata version 17. Descriptive analysis assessed alcohol consumption and AUD prevalence. Factors associated with alcohol use and AUD at bivariate analysis were identified using Chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests. All variables with p-value ≤ 0.20 multivariable logistic regression models were done to identify factors associated with alcohol use and AUD.ResultsAmong 212 participants, 86.6% reported alcohol use in the past 12 months, 85% in the past 30 days, and 98.5% met AUD criteria. Factors linked to recent alcohol consumption included primary education or higher, income above the median, and more than 10 sexual partners. Education level, marital status, income, and having dependents were significantly associated with heavy drinking episodes.Discussion and conclusionThe prevalence of AUD, alcohol use, and heavy episodic drinking were high among female sex workers in Mbeya city. Socio-demographic factors and risky sexual behaviours were associated with alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking highlighting the need for targeted interventions to combat alcohol abuse among female sex workers within the HIV program.

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Prevalence and correlates of anal intercourse among female sex workers in eSwatini

Cited by 5 publications

References 55 publications

<p>HIV Prevalence and Associated Factors in Key Groups and General Population Treated at a Health Care Institution in Colombia in 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

<p>HIV Prevalence and Associated Factors in Key Groups and General Population Treated at a Health Care Institution in Colombia in 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Condom use and risk factors of inconsistent or low use of the condoms during heterosexual anal intercourse in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

Epidemiology of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder among female sex workers in Mbeya City, Tanzania

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