Prevalence and Control of Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose in New York City

Abstract

We used an interview to determine previously diagnosed diabetes and measured fasting plasma glucose to determine undiagnosed diabetes and IFG in a probability sample of 1,336 New York City adults. We assessed glycemic control and other clinical indicators using standardized NHANES protocols.RESULTS -The prevalence of diabetes among New York City adults was 12.5% (95% CI 10.3-15.1): 8.7% diagnosed and 3.8% undiagnosed. Nearly one-fourth (23.5%) of adults had IFG. Asians had the highest prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism (diabetes 16.1%, IFG 32.4%) but were significantly less likely to be obese. Among adults with diagnosed diabetes, less than one-half (45%) had A1C levels Ͻ7%; one-half (50%) had elevated blood pressure measures at interview, 43% of whom were not on antihypertensive medications; nearly two-thirds (66%) had elevated LDL levels, and only 10% had their glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol all at or below recommended levels. Most adults (84%) with diagnosed diabetes were on medication, but only 12% were receiving insulin.CONCLUSIONS -In New York City, diabetes and IFG are widespread. Policies and structural interventions to promote physical activity and healthy eating should be prioritized. Improved disease management systems are needed for people with diabetes. Diabetes Care 32:57-62, 2009

Hypertension Prevalence in New York City Adults: Unmasking Undetected Racial/Ethnic Variation, NYC HANES 2004

“…20 Additionally, previous studies have identified that South Asians have an increased prevalence of diabetes, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. 21 The lower average education level of these groups suggests greater focus must be placed on the creation of culturally sensative, low literacy educational approaches to improve HTN and cardiovascular diesease awareness. The overall prevalence of HTN among NYC adults was 25.5%, which is lower than the national average (29.1%).…”

The Association of Duration of Residence in the United States with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among South Asian Immigrants

“…In California, South Asian men ages 25-44 years have three times the relative risk of death from CVD in comparison to the age-matched general population [4]. Epidemiologic studies have documented that South Asian immigrants have higher prevalence of medical CVD risk factors than the general population, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, possibly due to a genetic predisposition to insulin resistance and central adiposity [6,9,11,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. They also have high rates of behavioral CVD risk factors, including physical inactivity and diets low in fruits and vegetables [9, 23-25, 28, 30, 31].…”

Impaired fasting glucose as a treatment target in diabetes management

“…Thorpe et al [18] reported fi ndings from the 2004 NYC HANES. New York City residents 20 years of age or older were evaluated via survey questions derived from physical examination, clinical and laboratory tests, face-to-face computer-assisted personal interviews, and audio computer-assisted self-interviews.…”