Prevalence and Concordance of Cutaneous Beta Human Papillomavirus Infection at Mucosal and Cutaneous Sites

Hampras, Shalaka S.; Rollison, Dana E.; Giuliano, Anna R.; McKay‐Chopin, Sandrine; Minoni, Lucia; Sereday, Karen A.; Gheit, Tarik; Tommasino, Massimo

doi:10.1093/infdis/jix245

Cited by 48 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The presence of DNA of cutaneous beta and gamma HPV in cytological samples of the genital tract has been Table 1 reported [24,37,44]. We also determined the presence of DNA of 46 genus beta and 52 genus gamma HPV types in all VSCC and MTS cases.…”

Section: Hpv Infection Markers In Vsccsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of human papillomavirus infection in the etiology of vulvar cancer in Italian women

Preti¹,

Rotondo²,

Holzinger³

et al. 2020

Infect Agents Cancer

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Background: Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is a rare malignancy of the female genital tract. We aimed to determine the mucosal high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-attributable fraction of VSCCs from Italian women using multiple markers of viral infections. Methods: VSCCs and 8 metastatic lymph node samples from 107 Italian women were analyzed by a highly typespecific multiplex genotyping assay for the presence of DNA from 119 different HPVs. Tissues were further analyzed for HPV RNA and for upregulation of the cellular protein p16 INK4a . Results: The rate of mucosal HPV-related tumors defined by viral DNA and RNA positivity was low (7.8%). HPV16 was the most prevalent, followed by 53, 56, and 58. Only five (4.9%) p16 INK4a -positive tumors were also positive for both viral DNA and RNA. One (14.3%) metastatic lymph node sample was positive for all three markers. DNA of cutaneous HPVs was detected in only two VSCCs, i.e. genus beta types 5 and 110. Conclusion: A small proportion of Italian VSCCs is putatively HPV-related, i.e. positive for both viral DNA and RNA of the same type, thus reinforcing the importance of HPV vaccination. Moreover, this study suggests that a direct role of HPV from genus beta and gamma in vulvar carcinogenesis is unlikely.

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Section: Hpv Infection Markers In Vsccsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of human papillomavirus infection in the etiology of vulvar cancer in Italian women

Preti¹,

Rotondo²,

Holzinger³

et al. 2020

Infect Agents Cancer

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“…Beta HPV types are subdivided into five different species, beta-1, beta-2, beta-3, beta-4, and beta-5 (1). Beta-1 and beta-2 HPVs are the most prevalent types in the skin, whereas the other species are rarely detected in the skin and comprise very few of the HPV types, i.e., beta-3 (n ϭ 4), beta-4 (n ϭ 1), and beta-5 (n ϭ 2) (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Emerging Issue in Oncogenic Virology: the Role of Beta Human Papillomavirus Types in the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Rollison

Viarisio

Amorrortu

et al. 2019

J Virol

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Evidence suggests that beta human papillomaviruses (HPVs), together with ultraviolet radiation, contribute to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Beta HPVs appear to be not the main drivers of carcinogenesis but rather facilitators of the accumulation of ultraviolet-induced DNA mutations. Beta HPVs are promoters of skin carcinogenesis, although they are dispensable for the maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Therefore, beta HPV represents a target for skin cancer prevention, especially in high-risk populations. KEYWORDS UV radiation, human papillomavirus, skin cancer T he human papillomavirus (HPV) family comprises approximately 200 types that are able to infect the mucosal and cutaneous epithelia (1). They are subdivided into genera and species in the HPV phylogenetic tree according to the DNA sequence of the late gene L1 (2). The genus Alphapapillomavirus includes the mucosal high-risk (HR) HPV types that have been clearly associated with the development of cervical and anal cancers and a subset of other genital tract cancers, such as vulvar, vaginal, and penile carcinomas, as well as a subset of head and neck cancers (3). More than 40 years of research have elucidated many of the HR HPV mechanisms involved in cancer development. The products of two early genes, E6 and E7, are major oncoproteins able to deregulate many key cellular events and greatly facilitate the malignant transformation of the infected cells. Classic examples of processes targeted by HR HPV E6 and/or E7 oncoproteins are the cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis, senescence, and the immune response (4). In the context of the viral life cycle, these activities of E6 and E7 are essential to guarantee viral DNA replication and progeny production. As a side effect, they facilitate the accumulation of chromosomal abnormalities, leading to cancer development. Despite the accumulation of this DNA damage, constant expression of the viral oncogenes is required for the maintenance of the transformed phenotype. Indeed, experiments in in vitro models have shown that silencing of E6 and E7 expression in cervical cancer-derived cell lines, such as CaSki or HeLa, severely affects cell viability (5-8). Because of the biological properties of the HR HPV E6 and E7 in directly targeting several cellular proteins/pathways, HPV-positive cancer cells do not usually accumulate many mutations compared with cancers associated with other environmental factors. For instance, HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancers have more DNA mutations, which are often linked to tobacco use and/or alcohol consumption, compared with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers (9).Similar to the HR HPV types, cutaneous beta HPV types have also been implicated in carcinogenesis, although the model of carcinogenesis is quite different. Epidemiological and biological studies support the model of synergistic cooperation between Citation Rollison DE, Viarisio D, Amorrortu RP, Gheit T, Tommasino M. 2019. An emerging issue in oncogenic virology: the role of beta human papillomavirus types...

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“…There are five different species of beta HPV types: β1, β2, β3, β4, and β5. Beta1 and β2 HPVs are the most common types in the skin, while the other species include very few HPV types detected also in sites different from skin: β3 (n = 4, HPV49, 75, 76 and 115), β4 (n = 1, HPV92), and β5 (n = 2, HPV96 and 150) [48]. Beta HPV DNA is frequently present in the skin of immunocompetent individuals, with prevalence estimates ranging from 39 % to 91 % (18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Cutaneous Hpvs and Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Papillomavirus and carcinogenesis: Novel mechanisms of cell communication involving extracellular vesicles

Chiantore

Mangino

Iuliano

et al. 2020

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews

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A B S T R A C TA small group of mucosal Human Papillomaviruses are the causative agents of cervical cancer and are also associated with other types of cancers. Certain cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses seem to have a role as cofactors in the UV-induced carcinogenesis of the skin. The main mechanism of the tumorigenesis induced by Human Papillomaviruses is linked to the transforming activity of the viral E6 and E7 oncoproteins. However, other mechanisms, such as the gene expression control by specific microRNAs expression and deregulation of immune inflammatory mediators, may be important in the process of transformation. In this context, the release of Extracellular Vesicles with a specific cargo (microRNAs involved in tumorigenesis, mRNAs of viral oncoproteins, cytokines, chemokines) appears to play a key role.

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Prevalence and Concordance of Cutaneous Beta Human Papillomavirus Infection at Mucosal and Cutaneous Sites

Abstract: Prevalence of beta-HPV varied by anatomic site of infection. Biological properties of beta-HPV types detected at mucosal sites and their role in disease pathogenesis should be examined.

Cited by 48 publications

References 28 publications

Role of human papillomavirus infection in the etiology of vulvar cancer in Italian women

Role of human papillomavirus infection in the etiology of vulvar cancer in Italian women

An Emerging Issue in Oncogenic Virology: the Role of Beta Human Papillomavirus Types in the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Human Papillomavirus and carcinogenesis: Novel mechanisms of cell communication involving extracellular vesicles

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