Prevalence and component analysis of metabolic syndrome: An Indian atherosclerosis research study perspective

Abstract

Asian Indians have a high predisposition to metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study aimed to estimate MS prevalence in 531 Asian Indian families comprising of 2318 individuals. Anthropometrics and lipid profi le were assessed. MS prevalence was estimated using standard Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) and World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria and modifi ed defi nitions which included lowered cut-offs for waist circumference (WC) (Ն90 cm for men and Ն80 cm for women], body mass index (BMI) (Ն23 kg/m 2 ) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) levels. ATP-III criteria identifi ed a signifi cantly higher proportion of people with MS (N = 933; 40.3%) compared with WHO (N = 708; 30.6%; p Ͻ 0.0001) while modifi ed ATP-III showed maximum gain in percent prevalence among the revised criteria (17.3%; p = 0.0056). The IDF criteria identifi ed similar proportion of subjects with MS (N = 809; 34.9%) as the revised WHO criteria (N = 792; 34.2%). The number of MS subjects was highest in the 50-59 years age group. MS was diagnosed a decade earlier in unaffected subjects compared with those with CAD/diabetes using the modifi ed MS criteria. WC correlated signifi cantly with BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (p = 0.000). Among MS components, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and BMI contributed signifi cantly in males (71.4% and 85.9%) and females (86.8% and 88.8%), respectively. The higher percentage contribution of WC among males and WHR among females indicates the infl uence of gynecoid/android pelvis on WHR measures. In conclusion, the revision of defi nition criteria for MS with lowered cut-offs for WC and BMI is critical for the accurate assessment of MS among Asian Indians.

A common variant in chromosome 9p21 associated with coronary artery disease in Asian Indians

“…However, the small number of samples from affected women precluded any meaningful evaluation of the marker in this group. The average age of the controls were less than that of the CAD patients even though the comparison is probably justified as it has been previously observed by us that these clinical comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension or metabolic syndrome appear to set in a decade or so earlier than the onset of clinical CAD i.e., around the middle of the fourth decade of life among the IARS cohort (Kanjilal et al 2008). Additionally, the association remained significant even after adjustment for age, gender, diabetes and hypertension implying that the present observations might not be substantially influenced by these covariates.…”

A Study of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography at Kims Hospital, Hubballi, Karnataka, India

“…21 According to Snehalata and Ramachandra 22 in Indian population centers have estimated a prevalence of the metabolic syndrome to encompass approximately one-third of individuals residing in large cities. Kanjilal et al 23 have shown in their study that Asian Indians have a high predisposition to metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease. Roopali Khanna 24 et al in their study, it was seen that metabolic syndrome was common in Indian patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease.…”

Metabolic syndrome in adults: relation with diet and other lifestyle factors

“…Studies conducted in India using variable criteria to determine the MetS prevalence showed that in South Indian population, it was 25.8% using IDF as compared to 18.3% by ATPIII, in individuals > 20 years of age [44]. Dissimilar trends were observed in Bangalore, where it was higher using the ATPIII criteria (40.3%) as compared to IDF criteria (34.9%) [18]. Prevalence studies in the rest of the world using different criteria have also demonstrated varying results (Table II).…”

“…This rise can be attributed to the transition in the lifestyle from a traditional to a western one. The genesis of MetS and obesity in developing countries relates to demographic transition (shift to low fertility, low mortality, and higher life expectancy), and epidemiological transition (from widely prevalent infectious diseases to a pattern of a high prevalence of lifestyle related diseases) congregating genetics and environment [5,[18][19][20]. The double burden of under and over nutrition in the developing countries is leading to the increased risk for CVD and sequential morbidity and mortality.…”