Prevalence and Comorbidity of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Studies of PRIME-MD and PHQ (Patient Health Questionnaire) in Japan

Abstract

We examine two studies on the prevalence and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in Japanese patients in primary care settings. The PRIME-MD study (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders) in Japan was conducted in seven primary care sites. The sample group included 601 adult patients (249 males, 352 females, mean age = 58.9 years, SD = 16.5). Of the 12.5% of patients diagnosed with mood disorders, 5.0% (n = 29) were major depressive disorder, and 6.7% (n = 40) were minor depressive disorder. The odds ratio for co-occurrence of major depressive disorder with generalized anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder with anxiety disorders (NOS) was 11.5 (95% CI: 2.17–18.45) and 8.00 (95% CI: 3.19–20.07), respectively. The PHQ (Patient Health Questionnaire) study in Japan was conducted in eleven primary care sites. A total of 1409 adult patients (611 males, 797 females; mean age: 56.2 years, SD: ±20.4) completed the PHQ in full. The prevalence of diagnosis of any mood disorder or any anxiety disorder was 25.0%. Of the 15.8% of patients diagnosed with mood disorders, 5.3% were for major depression and 8.4% for other depressive disorders. The odds ratio for co-occurrence of major depressive disorder with other anxiety disorders was 30.4 (95% CI: 13.19–70.28).

Prevalence of depressive disorders in a primary care setting in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A cross-sectional epidemiological study

“…In terms of the overall prevalence of depressive disorders in PHC, our finding (15.8%) was higher than those of Jo et al from Korea (14.1%), 10 Muramatsu et al from Japan (12.5%), 24 Rancans et al from Latvia (10.2%) 23 and Sung et al from Singapore (9%). 22 The differences could be explained by using different diagnostic criteria, such as in our study and one by Jo et al that used DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis.…”

“…In terms of the overall prevalence of depressive disorders in PHC, our finding (15.8%) was higher than those of Jo et al from Korea (14.1%), 10 Muramatsu et al from Japan (12.5%), 24 Rancans et al from Latvia (10.2%) 23 The differences could be explained by using different diagnostic criteria, such as in our study and one by Jo et al that used DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis. 10 In contrast, the other studies chose the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) 22,23 and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) criteria.…”

“…10 In contrast, the other studies chose the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) 22,23 and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) criteria. 24 The prevalence of MDD at 8% in our study was higher than in other previous studies by Jo et al…”

“…(5.4%), 10 Muramatsu et al (5%), 24 and Sung et al (5%), 22 while that of other subtypes was nearly the same, including dysthymia (approximately 1%), 10,24 and depressive disorders not otherwise specified (around 7%). 22,24,25 Our study discovered a higher overall prevalence of depressive disorders than previous studies using the gold standard criteria, which the recruiting time frame could explain during the COVID-19 pandemic when Ho Chi Minh City had recently reopened following a three-month lockdown due to the fourth COVID-19 wave. 26 This is consistent with a survey conducted in Vietnam by Duong et al to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which discovered that 23.5% of participants experienced depression during the first nationwide lockdown.…”

Depression Associated With Body Mass Index in Adolescent Girls in a Subset of Karachi Population

“…Our findings backed up and elaborated on the link between obesity and the onset of depression, particularly among women with the assistance of depression severity through PHQ9. The primary care assessment of mental disorders (PRIME-MD) is a great approach developed a decade ago to help primary care doctors make criteria-based diagnoses of five types of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV disorders that are typically seen in medical patients: mood, anxiety, somatoform, alcohol, and eating disorders [ 15 ]. The PHQ is a three-page self-managed and administered variant of the PRIME-MD that has been thoroughly validated in two large studies that comprised 3,000 patients in eight primary care clinics and 3,000 patients in research settings [ 16 ].…”