Prevalence and Characterization of Quinolone Resistance Genes in Proteus Species Isolated From Pet Turtles

Pathirana, H. N. K. S.; Shin, Gee-Wook; Wimalasena, S.H.M.P.; Silva, Bcj De; Hossain, Sabrina; Heo, Gang‐Joon

doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2017.10.026

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nonetheless, QnrD proteins have been described as being especially prevalent in members of the genera Proteus and Providencia, belonging to the Proteeae tribe (currently proposed to be reclassified as the new family Morganellaceae [347]), encoded within small (ϳ2.6-to ϳ5.2-kb) nonconjugative plasmids of an undescribed incompatibility group, usually linked to an open reading frame (ORF) (ORF-2) of unknown function (345,346,(348)(349)(350)(351). Thus, while Guillard et al detected QnrD in 7 out of 332 (2.1%) Morganellaceae isolates (349), in more-recent studies, the presence of qnrD was observed in 40 out of 203 (19.7%) Morganellaceae isolates (348) and in 19 out of 24 (79.2%) Proteus species isolates (351). Considering these findings, it has been proposed that the origin of QnrD lies within an as-yet-unidentified member of this bacterial family, and different Proteus spp., Providencia spp., and Morganella spp.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferable Mechanisms of Quinolone Resistance from 1998 Onward

Ruiz

2019

Clin Microbiol Rev

115

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SUMMARY While the description of resistance to quinolones is almost as old as these antimicrobial agents themselves, transferable mechanisms of quinolone resistance (TMQR) remained absent from the scenario for more than 36 years, appearing first as sporadic events and afterward as epidemics. In 1998, the first TMQR was soundly described, that is, QnrA. The presence of QnrA was almost anecdotal for years, but in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, there was an explosion of TMQR descriptions, which definitively changed the epidemiology of quinolone resistance. Currently, 3 different clinically relevant mechanisms of quinolone resistance are encoded within mobile elements: (i) target protection, which is mediated by 7 different families of Qnr (QnrA, QnrB, QnrC, QnrD, QnrE, QnrS, and QnrVC), which overall account for more than 100 recognized alleles; (ii) antibiotic efflux, which is mediated by 2 main transferable efflux pumps (QepA and OqxAB), which together account for more than 30 alleles, and a series of other efflux pumps (e.g., QacBIII), which at present have been sporadically described; and (iii) antibiotic modification, which is mediated by the enzymes AAC(6′)Ib-cr, from which different alleles have been claimed, as well as CrpP, a newly described phosphorylase.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferable Mechanisms of Quinolone Resistance from 1998 Onward

Ruiz

2019

Clin Microbiol Rev

115

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“…Proteus mirabilis , a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, as an opportunistic pathogen can cause skin infection, respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), and gastrointestinal tract infection, and it has been suggested that it may be related to Crohn’s disease ( Zhang J. W. et al, 2021 ). As a zoonotic bacteria, P. mirabilis can infect a variety of animals, such as chicken ( Wong et al, 2013 ), ducks ( Algammal et al, 2021 ), turtles ( Pathirana et al, 2018 ), cattle ( Sun et al, 2020 ), companion animals ( Marques et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence-related factors and antimicrobial resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolated from domestic and stray dogs

Liu

Dong

Ai³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionProteus mirabilis is a multi-host pathogen that causes diseases of varying severity in a wide range of mammals, including humans. Proteus mirabilis is resistant to multiple antibiotics and has acquired the ability to produce expanded spectrum of β-lactamases, leading to serious public health problems. However, the available information on P. mirabilis isolated from feces of dogs, is still poorly understood, as is the correlation between its virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs).MethodIn this study, we isolated 75 strains of P. mirabilis from 241 samples, and investigated the swarming motility, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), distribution of VAGs and ARGs, as well as the presence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in these isolates.ResultsOur findings suggest a high prevalence of intensive swarming motility and strong biofilm formation ability among P. mirabilis isolates. Isolates were primarily resistant to cefazolin (70.67%) and imipenem (70.67%). These isolates were found to carry ureC, FliL, ireA, zapA, ptA, hpmA, hpmB, pmfA, rsbA, mrpA, and ucaA with varying prevalence levels of 100.00, 100.00, 100.00, 98.67, 98.67, 90.67, 90.67, 90.67, 90.67, 89.33, and 70.67%, respectively. Additionally, the isolates were found to carry aac(6′)-Ib, qnrD, floR, blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-2, blaOXA-1, blaTEM, tetA, tetB and tetM with varying prevalence levels of 38.67, 32.00, 25.33, 17.33, 16.00, 10.67, 5.33, 2.67, 1.33, and 1.33%, respectively. Among 40 MDR strains, 14 (35.00%) were found to carry class 1 integrons, 12 (30.00%) strains carried class 2 integrons, while no class 3 integrons was detected. There was a significant positive correlation between the class 1 integrons and three ARGs: blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaCTX-M-2. This study revealed that P. mirabilis strains isolated from domestic dogs exhibited a higher prevalence of MDR, and carried fewer VAGs but more ARGs compared to those isolated from stay dogs. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between VAGs and ARGs.DiscussionGiven the increasing antimicrobial resistance of P. mirabilis, veterinarians should adopt a prudent approach towards antibiotics administration in dogs to mitigate the emergence and dissemination of MDR strains that pose a potential threat to public health.

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“…The GyrA and GyrB encode for the tetrameric enzyme DNA gyrase, which is composed of two subunits. The ParC and ParE encode for the topoisomerase IV enzyme also (Pathirana et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Proteus species isolated from different patients

Ali

Gad

Ismail

et al. 2023

Novel Research in Microbiology Journal

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Proteus spp. are widely distributed opportunistic pathogens that can cause various human infections. A total of 361 clinical specimens were obtained from patients who were attending to different hospitals in El-Minia governorate, Egypt. Approximately 23 % of the samples belong to Proteus spp. isolates which were obtained from various clinical sources. After biochemical identification, 42.1 % of isolates were found to belong to Proteus vulgaris and 57.8 % to P. mirabilis. The urine samples collected from catheterized patients represented 32.6 % of all the clinical specimens, and the majority of the recorded isolates were Proteus spp. The antibacterial sensitivity of the Proteus spp. was examined using 16 different antibiotics from various families. The most effective antibiotics were Amikacin; Levofloxacin, and Meropenem, recording 68.6 %, 66.2 %, and 62.2 % of the isolates sensitivity to each of these antibiotics, respectively. Using the ureR-based PCR, 48 % of the isolates were identified as P. mirabilis. Moreover, the Qnr genes (i.e., qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qnrD, and qnrC) and the aac (6')-Ib-cr gene had been identified in 40 % of P. mirabilis isolates. The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of Proteus spp. in El-Minia, Egypt; determine the antibacterial susceptibility pattern of these isolates, and characterize the PMQR genes in Proteus spp. Quinolone resistance in P. mirabilis isolates might have been brought on by mechanisms other than qnr and aac (6')-Ib genes. Finally, since Proteus spp. are widespread in the environment; healthcare facilities must uphold stringent sanitation standards to reduce the incidence of the nosocomial infections.

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Prevalence and Characterization of Quinolone Resistance Genes in Proteus Species Isolated From Pet Turtles

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Transferable Mechanisms of Quinolone Resistance from 1998 Onward

Transferable Mechanisms of Quinolone Resistance from 1998 Onward

Virulence-related factors and antimicrobial resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolated from domestic and stray dogs

Prevalence and characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Proteus species isolated from different patients

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