Prevalence and Characteristics of Restless Legs Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Study in Two Independent Samples of the General Population

Kim, Tae Joon; Yoon, Jee Eun; Park, Jung A; Lee, Seung Ku; Chu, Min Kyung; Yang, Kwang Ik; Kim, Won Joo; Thomas, Robert J.; Shin, Chol; Yun, Chang Ho

doi:10.1159/000496839

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In previous studies, young age [ 6 ], increasing age [ 5 , 12 , 15 , 16 ], male gender [ 13 , 16 ], female gender [ 5 , 15 ], low educational status [ 3 , 5 , 15 ], poor SES [ 3 ], history of consanguinity [ 13 ], history of smoking [ 5 , 13 ], history of alcohol usage [ 3 ], higher BMI [ 15 ], presence of depression [ 6 , 12 ], anxiety [ 6 ], stress [ 5 , 6 ], gastritis [ 15 ], anaemia [ 15 ], hypertension [ 15 ], diabetes mellitus [ 13 ], bronchial asthma [ 13 ] and habitual snoring practice [ 13 ] were associated with the presence of RLS among the participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on restless leg syndrome and its relationship with quality of sleep among the general population of Mangalore, India

Joseph

Suresh

Prasad

et al. 2022

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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Background Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological morbidity. It is, however, a frequently underdiagnosed medical condition. This study was hence done to assess the occurrence and severity of RLS among participants and to study its determinants and its association with quality of sleep. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among the general population of Mangalore in July 2021. Data were collected using a Google Form. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale was used to diagnose RLS and its severity. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. Results The prevalence of RLS among the 202 participants was 24(11.9%). Among them, 5 were already diagnosed with RLS. Their mean age at onset was 40.4 ± 25.3 years. Among the rest 197 participants, 19(9.6%) were newly diagnosed with RLS. The severity of RLS was mild, moderate and severe among 7(36.8%), 9(47.4%) and 3(15.8%) participants, respectively. Five (26.3%) of the 19 newly diagnosed participants were identified as RLS sufferers. In multivariable analysis, the presence of diabetes mellitus and family history of RLS were associated with the presence of RLS among the participants. The mean Global PSQI value was 5.0 ± 3.1. Sleep latency was prolonged ( p = 0.001), and sleep disturbances ( p = 0.01) were higher among participants newly diagnosed with RLS ( n = 19) compared to those without RLS ( n = 178). Subjective sleep quality was poor ( p = 0.038), and sleep disturbances ( p = 0.016) were more among participants with severe degree RLS. Conclusions The prevalence of RLS in the present study was higher than that reported in previous Indian studies. Unpleasant sensations in RLS affected sleep initiation and maintenance among the affected. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to control its determinants and address other sleep-related problems among the RLS affected population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on restless leg syndrome and its relationship with quality of sleep among the general population of Mangalore, India

Joseph

Suresh

Prasad

et al. 2022

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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“…The major strength of this study is the prospective design and the blinded linguistic analysis. Another strength is the inclusion of a large sample of consecutive RLS patients, with a sex ratio similar to the one reported for RLS prevalence in epidemiological data (Berger et al, 2004 ; Didriksen et al, 2017 ; Hening et al, 2004 ; Högl et al, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2019 ). A possible limitation is that all patients were interviewed by a female investigator: interviewer’s gender has been reported to cause a bias in responses about sensitive experiences or behaviours (which are reported more frequently to women by women (Harling et al, 2019 ) and to female voices by men (Dykema et al, 2012 )), or substance abuse (which seems to be reported more often to men by both women and men; Heeb & Gmel, 2001 ; Houle et al, 2019 )).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Movement leads to partial or complete relief, at least as long as the activity continues (Allen et al, 2018 ). Gender aspects are likely to play a role in RLS, as prevalence of the disease is about twice as high in women as in men (Berger et al, 2004 ; Didriksen et al, 2017 ; Hening et al, 2004 ; Högl et al, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2019 ). In line with this, a previous study by our group showed that more women than men are admitted to polysomnography (PSG) because of suspected sleep‐related movement disorders, such as RLS (Auer et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Language analysis of spontaneous descriptions of restless legs syndrome: Gender differences?

Holzknecht

Domahs

Brandauer

et al. 2021

Journal of Sleep Research

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Summary Patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) use various terms when describing their symptoms. Whether gender might influence this has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible gender differences in spontaneous descriptions of RLS symptoms. This prospective study, conducted in 100 consecutive German‐speaking RLS patients, used a single standardized question. Answers were digitally recorded and transcribed. A content‐related linguistic analysis of the transcripts was performed by two independent blinded raters. The lengths of the answers and content‐related linguistic features were compared between women and men. Ninety‐eight patients were included in the final analysis, 59 women (60.2%) and 39 men (39.8%), with a median age of 62 (23–94) and 63 (31–82) years, respectively (p = 0.602). Demographic and clinical features, including educational level and RLS treatment class, did not differ between genders (p > 0.05). Total word or sentence count showed no gender differences (p = 0.159 and 0.259, respectively), although men used more words per sentence than women (p = 0.018). More men than women described quiescegenic (i.e., triggered by rest or inactivity) symptoms (p = 0.006) and successful attempts at relief (p = 0.039). There was a non‐significant trend toward a more frequent use of the first‐person perspective in men (median times used = 5 [0–10.5] vs. 3.8 [0–17.5], p = 0.068). The more frequent mention of quiescegenic symptoms and successful attempts at relief in men could indicate differences in phenotypic presentation of RLS between genders, a more precise description of RLS symptoms or a higher experience of self‐efficacy in men compared to women.

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“…If the former four minimal (6) or later revised four essential diagnostic criteria are used (7), RLS is reported in 7.2-10.6% of the Caucasian population (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). When so-called RLS mimics are excluded, significantly lower prevalence rates of 0.4-2.4% are seen in different samples (15,16). The proportion of patients in need of treatment is estimated to vary between 1.5 and 2.7% (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restless Legs Syndrome Prevalence and Clinical Correlates Among Psychiatric Inpatients: A Multicenter Study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThere are only limited reports on the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in patients with psychiatric disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical correlates in psychiatric inpatients in Germany and Switzerland.MethodsThis is a multicenter cross-sectional study of psychiatric inpatients with an age above 18 years that were diagnosed and evaluated face-to-face using the International RLS Study Group criteria (IRLSSG) and the International RLS severity scale (IRLS). In addition to sociodemographic and biometric data, sleep quality and mood were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). In addition to univariate statistics used to describe and statistically analyze differences in variables of interest between patients with and without RLS, a logistic model was employed to identify predictors for the occurrence of RLS.ResultsThe prevalence of RLS in a sample of 317 psychiatric inpatients was 16.4%, and 76.9% of these were diagnosed with RLS for the first time. RLS severity was moderate to severe (IRLS ± SD: 20.3 ± 8.4). The prevalences in women (p = 0.0036) and in first-degree relatives with RLS (p = 0.0108) as well as the body mass index (BMI, p = 0.0161) were significantly higher among patients with RLS, while alcohol consumption was significantly lower in the RLS group. With the exception of atypical antipsychotics, treatment with psychotropic drugs was not associated with RLS symptoms. Regarding subjective sleep quality and mood, scores of the PSQI (p = 0.0007), ISI (p = 0.0003), and ESS (p = 0.0005) were higher in patients with RLS, while PHQ-9 scores were not different. A logistic regression analysis identified gender (OR 2.67; 95% CI [1.25; 5.72]), first-degree relatives with RLS (OR 3.29; 95% CI [1.11; 9.73], ESS score (OR 1.09; 95% CI [1.01; 1.17]), and rare alcohol consumption (OR 0.45; 95% CI [0.22; 0.94] as predictors for RLS.ConclusionsClinically significant RLS had a high prevalence in psychiatric patients. RLS was associated with higher BMI, impaired sleep quality, and lower alcohol consumption. A systematic assessment of restless legs symptoms might contribute to improve the treatment of psychiatric patients.

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Prevalence and Characteristics of Restless Legs Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Study in Two Independent Samples of the General Population

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Study on restless leg syndrome and its relationship with quality of sleep among the general population of Mangalore, India

Study on restless leg syndrome and its relationship with quality of sleep among the general population of Mangalore, India

Language analysis of spontaneous descriptions of restless legs syndrome: Gender differences?

Restless Legs Syndrome Prevalence and Clinical Correlates Among Psychiatric Inpatients: A Multicenter Study

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