Prevalence and characteristics of lung function changes in recreational scuba divers

Wilson, Anne

doi:10.4104/pcrj.2010.00063

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We are not aware of previous studies which have assessed the effects of scuba on pulmonary function after open-sea dives deeper than 80 msw and, therefore, the present data represent the first ones obtained after dives at 90-120 msw depth. In these previous studies, FVC was either decreased (Cirillo et al 2003;Wilson 2011) or unchanged (Tetzlaff et al 2001;Ljubkovic et al 2010) after bounce diving up to 65 msw with open circuits whereas FEV1 was unchanged. When CCRs were used for diving, neither FVC nor FEV1 were altered after dives at depths ranging from 15 msw to an average of 69 msw (Fock et al 2013;Bosco et al 2018;Castagna et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Physiological effects of mixed-gas deep sea dives using a closed-circuit rebreather: a field pilot study

Dugrenot

Balestra

Gouin³

et al. 2021

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Purpose Deep diving using mixed gas with closed-circuit rebreathers (CCRs) is increasingly common. However, data regarding the effects of these dives are still scarce. This preliminary field study aimed at evaluating the acute effects of deep (90-120 msw) mixed-gas CCR bounce dives on lung function in relation with other physiological parameters. Methods Seven divers performed a total of sixteen open-sea CCR dives breathing gas mixture of helium, nitrogen and oxygen (trimix) within four days at 2 depths (90 and 120 msw). Spirometric parameters, SpO 2 , body mass, hematocrit, short term heart rate variability (HRV) and critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF) were measured at rest 60 min before the dive and 120 min after surfacing. ResultsThe median [1st-3rd quartile] of the forced vital capacity was lower (84% [76-93] vs 91% [74-107] of predicted values; p = 0.029), whereas FEV1/FVC was higher (98% [95-99] vs 95% [89-99]; p = 0.019) after than before the dives. The other spirometry values and SpO 2 were unchanged. Body mass decreased from 73.5 kg (72.0-89.6) before the dives to 70.0 kg (69.2-85.8) after surfacing (p = 0.001), with no change of hematocrit or CFFT. HRV was increased as indicated by the higher SDNN, RMSSD and pNN50 after than before dives. ConclusionThe present observation represents the first original data regarding the effects of deep repeated CCR dives. The body mass loss and decrease of FVC after bounce dives at depth of about 100 msw may possibly impose an important physiological stress for the divers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Physiological effects of mixed-gas deep sea dives using a closed-circuit rebreather: a field pilot study

Dugrenot

Balestra

Gouin³

et al. 2021

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…While no significant changes in ventilatory flows or volumes were found in healthy subjects after wet dives to 4.5 m in a pool or 50 m in a wet hyperbaric chamber [20] at 27°C, reductions in ventilatory flows and volumes were reported after open-sea bounce dives to 10 m and 50 m [21] or dives in cold water [22,23]. One study in recreational scuba divers [24] reported a significant decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) after open-sea dives at moderate water temperatures, but spirometry was recorded at different times of day and statistical analysis did not control for multiple comparisons. Thus, effects of submergence and static lung loading, as well as effects of respiratory heat and water loss, may contribute significantly to changes in lung function obtained after single wet scuba dives.…”

Section: Short-term Effects Of Diving On Lung Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

Tetzlaff

Thomas

2017

Eur Respir Rev

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@ERSpublicationsThe effects of diving on pulmonary function largely depend on factors associated with the individual diving response http://ow.ly/aIFS3095WNnCite this article as: Tetzlaff K, Thomas PS. Short-and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function. ABSTRACT The diving environment provides a challenge to the lung, including exposure to high ambient pressure, altered gas characteristics and cardiovascular effects on the pulmonary circulation. Several factors associated with diving affect pulmonary function acutely and can potentially cause prolonged effects that may accumulate gradually with repeated diving exposure. Evidence from experimental deep dives and longitudinal studies suggests long-term adverse effects of diving on the lungs in commercial deep divers, such as the development of small airways disease and accelerated loss of lung function. In addition, there is an accumulating body of evidence that diving with self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) may not be associated with deleterious effects on pulmonary function. Although changes in pulmonary function after single scuba dives have been found to be associated with immersion, ambient cold temperatures and decompression stress, changes in lung function were small and suggest a low likelihood of clinical significance. Recent evidence points to no accelerated loss of lung function in military or recreational scuba divers over time. Thus, the impact of diving on pulmonary function largely depends on factors associated with the individual diving exposure. However, in susceptible subjects clinically relevant worsening of lung function may occur even after single shallow-water scuba dives.

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“…Beşinci gün sonunda ölçülen değer ile başlangıç değerleri arasında ise anlamlı bir fark yoktu. (p=1,000) (Tablo 4) (Wilson, 2011). Bir gazın solunum yollarından akışı için gereken basınç, gazın fiziksel özellikleri ve akım hızı ile doğrudan ilişkilidir.…”

Section: Solunum Fonksiyonlarıunclassified

The Effects of Short Term SCUBA Diving On Respiratory Functions

Mirasoğlu¹,

Özen²,

Aktaş³

2018

International Journal of Sport, Exercise &Amp; Training Sciences

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Amaç: Dalış, solunan gaz yoğunluğunun artışı, soğuk ve kuru hava soluma, immersiyonun etkisi, oksijen toksisitesi, kabarcıkların akciğerlerde filtrasyonu gibi nedenlerle solunum fonksiyonlarında değişikliklere yol açmaktadır. Bu değişiklikler daha çok az sayıda profesyonel dalgıcı ilgilendiren derin ve özel dalışlarda incelenmiştir ve çoğunlukla uzun süreli etkiler araştırılmıştır. Günümüzde milyonlarca insanın giderek artan bir yoğunlukla katıldığı SCUBA dalışları hakkında araştırma ise oldukça azdır. Bu çalışmada kısa süre yapılan SCUBA dalışlarının solunum fonksiyonları üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Beden Eğitimi Yüksek Okulu öğrencilerinin 5 günlük dalış eğitimleri sırasında 49'u erkek 24'ü kadın 73 sporcu üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Beş gün boyunca her gün sabah dalışlardan önce ve akşam tüm dalışlar tamamlandıktan sonra solunum fonksiyon testleri yapılmıştır. Dalış verileri dalış bilgisayarları ile toplanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda solunum parametrelerinde günlük ve dönemlik değişimler incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Ölçümler boyunca solunum parametrelerinden hacim değerlerini ilgilendiren FVC ve FEV1 değerlerinde anlamlı değişiklikler saptanmamıştır. Akım hızlarını ilgilendiren PEF değerleririnde beş gün boyunca anlamlı bir değişiklik olmazken FEF25-75'in beş gün boyunca azalma eğiliminde olduğu ve bu azalmanın dalışların son günü anlamlılık kazandığı görülmüştür. Sonuçlar: Kısa süreli SCUBA dalışlarının akciğer kapasitelerinde değişikliğe sebep olmadığı ancak küçük hava yollarında daralmaya yol açabileceği gösterilmiştir. Ardışık SCUBA dalışlarının kısa dönemde etkisinin araştırıldığı çalışma olmaması nedeni ile bu sonuç oldukça önemlidir. Etkilerin geçici olup olmadığı ve dalış derinlikleri ya da süreleri gibi faktörlerle ilişkisinin araştırlması için ileri çalışmalar gereklidir. Rekreasyonel dalış, Akciğer hacmi, Akım hızları, Abstract Keywords Aim: Diving causes changes in respiratory functions due to increase in density of the breathing gas, inhaling cool and dry air, immersion effect, oxygen toxicity, bubble filtration through lungs. These changes were studied only in deep and specialized dives which are performed mostly by professional divers and generally long term effects of diving on lungs were analyzed. Studies about SCUBA dives that became an interest to millions of people lately are scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of short-term SCUBA diving on respiratory functions. Methods: This study was conducted on 73 School of Sports Training students (49 male, 24 female) during a five day diving course. Respiratory function tests were carried out daily before morning dives and after afternoon dives for five days. Diving data were collected by dive computers all through the study period. At the end of the course, daily and periodic changes in respiratory parameters were investigated. Results: It was found that FVC and FEV1 values which are related to lung volumes did not change significantly all through the dives. No significant change was observ...

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Prevalence and characteristics of lung function changes in recreational scuba divers

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Physiological effects of mixed-gas deep sea dives using a closed-circuit rebreather: a field pilot study

Physiological effects of mixed-gas deep sea dives using a closed-circuit rebreather: a field pilot study

Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

The Effects of Short Term SCUBA Diving On Respiratory Functions

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