Prevalence and Characteristics of Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinical Trials Group: The Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS

Tedaldi, Ellen; Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler; Malvestutto, Carlos; Arduino, Roberto C.; Fisher, Evelyn; Gaglio, Paul J.; Jenny-Avital, Elizabeth R.; McGowan, Joseph P.; Perez, George

doi:10.1086/374841

Cited by 57 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…On the other hand, sexual transmission of HCV is relatively inefficient, and the rate of coinfection among HIV-infected patients with a sexual risk factor is less than 10% (61). Men who have sex with men do not seem to have an overall-increased risk for coinfection (21,61,121), although epidemics of acute HCV have been described for HIV-infected men who have sex with men with high-risk behaviors (33). The overall burden of coinfection is estimated at 4 to 5 million people worldwide (2).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the risk factors of the population under study directly influence the prevalence in that particular population. Parenteral exposure modes such as intravenous drug use (IVDU) or multiple transfusions have been consistently found to be the most important risk factors for coinfection (121). In HIV-positive patients with a history of IVDU, the rate of HCV infection is reported to be 82 to 93% (61,76,113).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coinfection with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Virological, Immunological, and Clinical Outcomes

Rotman

Liang

2009

J Virol

116

111

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Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to affect 2% of the world population (90) and is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also a very important global public health problem, infecting about 33 million people worldwide (129). As the transmission routes are shared by both infections, coinfection is not uncommon. In this review, we discuss the magnitude of the problem, the effect of infection with one virus on the transmission and natural history of the other, and the treatment issues unique to coinfected patients. EPIDEMIOLOGYThe reported prevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection varies significantly among studies. Although HIV and HCV are both transmitted through parenteral, sexual, and vertical exposure, they differ in the transmission efficiencies of these routes. Thus, the risk factors of the population under study directly influence the prevalence in that particular population. Parenteral exposure modes such as intravenous drug use (IVDU) or multiple transfusions have been consistently found to be the most important risk factors for coinfection (121). In HIV-positive patients with a history of IVDU, the rate of HCV infection is reported to be 82 to 93% (61,76,113). On the other hand, sexual transmission of HCV is relatively inefficient, and the rate of coinfection among HIV-infected patients with a sexual risk factor is less than 10% (61). Men who have sex with men do not seem to have an overall-increased risk for coinfection (21,61,121), although epidemics of acute HCV have been described for HIV-infected men who have sex with men with high-risk behaviors (33). The overall burden of coinfection is estimated at 4 to 5 million people worldwide (2).Apart from the shared routes of transmission, infection with HIV, when present in either HCV-transmitting or HCV-exposed patients, can have a direct effect on the risk of transmission of HCV. HIV-infected patients exposed to HCV are less likely to clear the acute infection (odds ratio, 0.46) (123). This scenario seems to be especially relevant to transmission via IVDU (110). On the other hand, coinfected individuals are more likely to transmit HCV. The rate of vertical transmission of HCV is increased about threefold for coinfected mothers (95) compared to that for HCV-monoinfected ones; this effect may be limited to women with low HCV RNA levels (Ͻ10 6 IU/ml) (69). Percutaneous exposure of health care workers to blood from coinfected patients was also shown to increase the risk of acquiring HCV (35). Although coinfected individuals have been shown to have a higher prevalence of HCV RNA in cervicovaginal secretions (85) and semen (25), sexual transmission of HCV is still rare, even to partners of coinfected patients (68). EFFECT OF HIV/HCV COINFECTION ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HCVCoinfection with HIV has a significant impact on the life cycle of HCV and on the natural history of HCV infection. A retrospective study of stored sera from multitransfused hemophiliac patients (42) and a similar study of IV...

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Coinfection with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Virological, Immunological, and Clinical Outcomes

Rotman

Liang

2009

J Virol

116

111

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“…5 Interestingly, this rate of coinfection has varied significantly worldwide depending on facilitating risk factors such as IDUs, geographic regions, risk groups, and exposure type, which may be different in each region of the same country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of HIV infection in patients infected with chronic HCV (genotypes 1a and 3a): virological and clinical changes

Behzadpour

Vasmehjani

Nasab

et al. 2016

Pathogens and Global Health

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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection has become a serious public health problem. The influence of HIV/HCV coinfection on plasma HCV RNA loads and clinical criteria which are usually regarded as a predictor of the progress of liver disease have not been reliably evaluated. Objectives: This study investigated the impact of HIV infection on HCV RNA load and clinical indexes in Yazd and Tehran. Materials and methods: HCV/HIV-coinfected patients and HCV-monoinfected controls were examined and compared for plasma HCV RNA and related risk factors such as HCV genotypes, liver enzymes, and transmission routes. Results: A total of 54 HCV/HIV-coinfected patients and 88 HCV-monoinfected controls were studied. The HCV RNA load mean was significantly higher in HCV/HIV-coinfected patients than in HCV-monoinfected patients (p < 0.001). HCV RNA load mean in patients infected with HCV without anti-HCV therapy was lower than HIV/ HCV patients with and without highly active antiretroviral therapy that this difference was significant (p < 0.001). The HCV RNA levels were significantly higher in HIV/HCV genotype 3a coinfected patients than in genotype 3a monoinfected patients (p < 0.001). HIV RNA levels were lower in genotype 1a infected patients than in genotype 3a infected patients, but this difference was not significant statistically. The ALT mean levels were significantly higher in genotype 3a HIV/HCV-coinfected patients than in genotype 3a HCV-monoinfected patients (p < 0.001). Conclusions: HIV/HCV coinfection leads to a significant increase in plasma HCV RNA. Further evaluations of the effects of ART and HIV infection on the course of HCV infection and the response to treatment against HCV infection in other and different genotypes are also needed. Moreover, HIV-infected patients should be screened regularly for HCV coinfection, particularly if they are in high-risk groups such as IDUs and recipients of blood transfusions.

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“…Prior to the advent of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, there was lack of enforcement of regulation guiding blood transmission in many localities; this enhances the indiscriminate blood transfusion practice and dominance of commercial donors among blood donor. Parenteral exposure modes such as intravenous drug use (IVDU) or multiple transfusions have been consistently found to be the most important risk factors for coinfection, (Tedaldi.,2003).Available data showed that the prevalence of hepatitis C virus among local commercial blood donor in Nigeria ranged from 12.3-14.0 % (Ajayi 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) antibodies among HIV Seropositive women attending a Rehabilitation centre

Ndako¹,

Onwuliri²,

Olopade³

et al. 2014

IOSRJPBS

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Prevalence and Characteristics of Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinical Trials Group: The Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

Coinfection with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Virological, Immunological, and Clinical Outcomes

Coinfection with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Virological, Immunological, and Clinical Outcomes

Impact of HIV infection in patients infected with chronic HCV (genotypes 1a and 3a): virological and clinical changes

Detection of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) antibodies among HIV Seropositive women attending a Rehabilitation centre

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