Prevalence and Characteristics of Enterotoxin B‐Producing<i> Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Food Sources: A Particular Cluster of ST188 Strains was Identified

Song, Qifan; Zhu, Zhifeng; Chang, Yanzi; Shen, Xuanyi; Gao, Hong; Yang, Yuanbin

doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13223

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Fortunately, Strains 9 and 11 in our study also harbored only sea genes. The ST188-t189-D2 clone only had the seb gene, which was exactly similar to the strain from the studies conducted by Yan et al and Song et al [25,27] in comparison with MLST, spa typing, and PFGE bands. Nearly all se and sel genes are associated with mobile genetic elements, including plasmids, prophages, S. aureus pathogenicity island (SaPI), and genomic island ν Sa or next to the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) [23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…It is interesting that ST6-t304 is the ancestor of ST6-t701, which had one spa repeat (r25) based on BURP analysis results [25,26]. In addition, another two dominant lineages in our study, namely, ST188-t189 and ST5-t002, were reported in other SFP outbreaks and food samples in China [25,26,27,28], suggesting that additional studies are needed to confirm the temporal relationship of these strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Genotypes, Enterotoxin Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Foodborne Outbreaks in Hangzhou, China

Chen

Xie

2019

Toxins

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Staphylococcal food poisoning is an illness caused by the consumption of food that contains sufficient amounts of one or more enterotoxins. In the present study, a total of 37 S. aureus isolates were recovered from leftover food, swabs from a kitchen environment, and patient feces associated with four foodborne outbreaks that occurred in Hangzhou, southeast China, and were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibility. Classical enterotoxin and enterotoxin-like genes were profiled by PCR analysis. ST6-t304 was the most common clone (40.54%), followed by ST2315-t11687 (32.43%). Six clusters (A to F) were divided based on PFGE patterns, and Clusters A and C were the most common types, constituting 86.49% of all isolates. Moreover, sea was the most frequently identified enterotoxin gene (81.08%), followed by the combination of seg–sei–selm–seln–sleo–selu and sec–sell (each 48.65%). Five isolates also harbored the exotoxin cluster sed–selj–ser. In addition, resistance to penicillin (97.30%), erythromycin (37.85), tetracycline (32.43%), clindamycin, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole (each 10.81%) was observed. Our research demonstrated the link between leftover foods and patients by molecular typing and detecting the profiles of enterotoxin or enterotoxin-like genes in human and food isolates. S. aureus maintains an extensive repertoire of enterotoxins and drug resistance genes that could cause potential health threats to consumers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Genotypes, Enterotoxin Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Foodborne Outbreaks in Hangzhou, China

Chen

Xie

2019

Toxins

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“…The second most common clone in this study was ST15, which has been previously reported among animals and humans and is common to regional communities and hospitals (Jamrozy et al, 2012). ST188, one of the most prevalent clone in this study, has also been reported to be associated with SFP Shenzhen and Hong Kong in China (Yan et al, 2012; Song et al, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Prevalence, Virulence Genes, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Genetic Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus from Retail Aquatic Products in China

Rong

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Staphylococcus aureus is an important food-borne opportunistic pathogen that frequently causes severe blood and tissue infections or even fatal illnesses. Although S. aureus has been extensively studied in livestock and poultry foods in China, limited information has been reported in aquatic products. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to characterize S. aureus in aquatic products purchased from retail markets in China. In total, 320 aquatic food samples were collected from 32 provincial capitals in China. The results showed that 119 samples (37.2%, 119/320) were positive for S. aureus by both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The contamination levels of 78.2% of samples ranged from 0.3 to 10 MPN/g, and six samples exceeded 110 MPN/g. A total of 119 S. aureus isolates from positive samples were selected to evaluate virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and molecular characteristics. All S. aureus isolates were evaluated for the presence of 11 virulence genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and α-hemolysin (hlα, 84.9%), fibronectin-binding protein A (fnbA, 79.0%), S. aureus enterotoxin E (see, 53.8%), and Panton-Valentine leucocidin (pvl, 50.4%) were identified as the major genes. These genes formed 56 different profiles, with the major profile identified as pvl-hlα-fnbA (28.6%). The antimicrobial susceptibility of all isolates was analyzed through the disk diffusion method, and the results showed high resistance to β-lactams, macrolides and tetracyclines, but susceptibility to linezolid and vancomycin. In addition, 26 sequence types (STs) were obtained via multilocus sequence typing, including seven novel STs, among which ST1 (20.2%), ST15 (18.5%), and ST188 (13.4%) were the most common STs. All the isolates were mecC negative, but nine isolates carrying mecA were evaluated by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, all of which were SCCmecIII or SCCmecIV types. Isolates of SCCmecIII showed a high prevalence and were multidrug resistant. Our results showed that aquatic products could be a vehicle for transmission of virulence genes and multidrug-resistant S. aureus, representing a potential public health risk. The STs identified in this study indicated the genetic diversity of S. aureus, thereby providing important basic data for the dissemination of S. aureus in aquatic products.

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“… 18 ST5 and ST188 are also among the most found STs in SE-producing strains both from foodborne cases and environmental sources. 19 , 20 However, the remarkably large proportion of ST1 isolates in this study indicates a clustering trend in such strains. Regarding the hospital isolates in this study, ST239, ST5 and ST59 were most found STs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Characterization of enterotoxin A-producing <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>

Dong¹,

Song²,

Xu³

et al. 2018

IDR

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PurposeThis study aims to characterize the wild-type staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)-producing Staphylococcus aureus.Materials and methodsWe identified 29 wild-type sea-positive S. aureus isolates from dairy and meat samples, as well as from patients, measured the amount of SEA produced under favorable cultivation conditions using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sea mRNA transcriptional level and investigated the phage type as well as genetic diversity by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing.ResultsAmong 29 sea-positive isolates, 22 were from food sources (including one outbreak case) and seven from clinical patients. Five enterotoxin gene profiles, namely, sea (14 isolates), sea+sec (9 isolates), sea+seb (4 isolates), sea+seb+sec (1 isolate) and sea+seb+sed (1 isolate), were identified. Multilocus sequence typing generated sequence type (ST)1 (13 isolates), ST6 (5 isolates), ST59 (3 isolates), ST239 (3 isolates), ST5 (2 isolates), ST188 (2 isolate) and ST15 (1 isolate). The amount of SEA per 108 colony-forming unit (CFU) after 24 h of incubation was 1.1–33.5 (mean, 8.74; SD, 7.7) ng/108 CFU. The amount of SEA per hour incubation in the log growth phase was 0.1–12.0 (mean, 2.37; SD, 3.06) ng/108 CFU. Overall, 54.2% of SEA was produced in the log growth phase. Both the transcriptional level of sea mRNA and the amount of SEA in the log growth phase correlated well with the amount of SEA after 24 h of cultivation. Four isolates, namely, SA-212, SA-217, SA-340 and SA-341, were categorized to be of high SEA production (877–1,109 ng/mL, 24 h). The total amount of SEA was mainly based on the amount of SEA in 108 CFU, not the relatively fixed bacterial cell counts (21.1–43×108 CFU/mL). Seven isolates from patients all carried the ФMu3A phage, whereas 21 of the 22 isolates from the environmental sources all carried the ФSa3ms phage.ConclusionThe present study exhibits varied SEA production capacity of the wild sea-positive S. aureus strains. An apparent boundary in phage types between strains from the clinical samples and strains from the environment was also identified.

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Prevalence and Characteristics of Enterotoxin B‐Producing Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Food Sources: A Particular Cluster of ST188 Strains was Identified

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Genotypes, Enterotoxin Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Foodborne Outbreaks in Hangzhou, China

Genotypes, Enterotoxin Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Foodborne Outbreaks in Hangzhou, China

Prevalence, Virulence Genes, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Genetic Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus from Retail Aquatic Products in China

Characterization of enterotoxin A-producing <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>

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