Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness in Chinese American Adults

Abstract

; for the Chinese American Eye Study Group IMPORTANCE Visual impairment (VI) and blindness continue to be major public health problems worldwide. Despite previously published studies on VI in Chinese and other racial/ethnic populations, there are no data specific to Chinese American adults. OBJECTIVES To determine the age-and sex-specific prevalence and causes of VI and blindness in adult Chinese Americans and to compare the prevalence to other racial/ethnic groups. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this population-based, cross-sectional study of 10 US Census tracts in the city of Monterey Park, California, 4582 Chinese American adults 50 years and older underwent complete ophthalmologic examinations, including measurement of presenting and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for distance using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol from February 1, 2010, through October 31, 2013. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Age-specific prevalence and causes of VI and blindness for presenting and BCVA. RESULTS Of the 5782 eligible adults, 4582 (79.2%) completed an in-clinic eye examination. Of the 4582 participants, most were born in China (3149 [68.7%]), female (2901 [63.3%]), and married (3458 [75.5%]). The mean (SD) age was 61 (9) years. The prevalence of presenting VI was 3.0% (95% CI, 2.5%-3.5%), with 60.0% of this prevalence being attributed to uncorrected refractive error. The overall age-adjusted prevalence for VI (BCVA of Յ20/40 in the better eye) was 1.2% (95% CI, 0.9%-1.5%). The overall age-adjusted prevalence of blindness (BCVA of Յ20/200 in the better-seeing eye) was 0.07% (95% CI, 0%-0.2%). The prevalence of VI and blindness was higher in older Chinese Americans compared with younger. The primary causes of VI were cataracts and myopic retinopathy; the primary cause of blindness was myopic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The prevalence of VI in Chinese Americans is similar to that of non-Hispanic white and Latino individuals in the United States and similar to or lower than the prevalence previously reported for Chinese adults from non-US studies. The prevalence of blindness is lower than that noted in other US or non-US studies. Myopic retinopathy is a frequent cause of VI and blindness in Chinese Americans that has not been commonly observed in other racial/ethnic groups. Because myopia frequently develops at a young age, Chinese Americans should be educated regarding the importance of regular screening of preschool and school-aged children to reduce the development and progression of myopia.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Refractive Error in Adult Chinese Americans: The Chinese American Eye Study

“…However, our study also has a number of limitations. First, because eligible individuals who participated were more likely to be better educated than those who did not, 44 we may have overestimated myopia prevalence. On the other hand, we may have underestimated prevalence of myopia among older participants, because those excluded from analysis were mostly individuals who had cataract surgery.…”

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“…URE disproportionally affects low-income and remote populations,(9, 10, 16, 17) and is associated with reduced utility. Nonwhite ethnicity, older age, lower educational level, lack of private health insurance, and poverty were associated with higher risk of near-VI.…”

Remodeling of Retinal Architecture in Diabetic Retinopathy: Disruption of Ocular Physiology and Visual Functions by Inflammatory Gene Products and Pyroptosis

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