Prevalence and causes of vision loss in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections

Leasher, Janet; Braithwaite, Tasanee; Furtado, João M.; Flaxman, Seth; Lansingh, Van Charles; Silva, Juan Carlos; Resnikoff, Serge; Taylor, Hugh R.; Bourne, Rupert

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311746

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…It has been suggested that visual impairment compromises the ability to avoid obstacles, being cataracts and refractive error the most frequent cause of visual impairment among older people [6][7][8]. Age-associated cataracts remain the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in lowand middle-income countries, including Latin America [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cataract Surgery on Frequency of Falls among Older Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gutiérrez‐Robledo

Villasís-Keever

Avila-Avila

et al. 2021

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Background. Falls are a significant public health problem among older people worldwide. The aim was to perform a new systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether cataract surgery is effective in reducing the rate of falls in older persons. Methods. The systematic review was performed following the recommendations by the Cochrane Collaboration. Original papers were included with RCT or quasi-experimental design, which described the effect on uni- or bilateral cataract surgery on the rate of falls among people aged 60 or older. Titles and abstracts were reviewed, full-text versions were retrieved, and two independent examiners reviewed them to assess inclusion criteria. All relevant variables were synthesised in an evidence table. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed pooling the trials, and results were expressed as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results. The initial search reported 99 potential abstracts, and 41 full-text versions were examined. In the end, eight studies were included. Five included patients 65 years of age and older, two patients 55 years and older, and one included patients 50 years or older. Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implant were performed in all studies. Two were RCT, and six were quasi-experimental. Falls was the main outcome. The six quasi-experimental studies reported that a reduction in the frequency of falls was observed (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48–0.96), although heterogeneity was significant (I2 = 74%). Only one RCT reported risk reduction of 34% (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45–0.96). Conclusions. This meta-analysis provides evidence that the first cataract surgery reduces the frequency of falls in older people with bilateral cataracts, but a second surgery does not have significant impact.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cataract Surgery on Frequency of Falls among Older Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gutiérrez‐Robledo

Villasís-Keever

Avila-Avila

et al. 2021

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Cataract is one of the most common causes of blindness on all continents [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Various surgical treatments are available to help patients recover from the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central corneal thickness changes following manual small incision cataract surgery versus phacoemulsification for white cataract

Kongsap¹

2019

rjo

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Aim: To assess the central corneal thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell loss after manual small-incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification in patients with white cataract. Material and methods: This is a comparative, prospective, non-randomized study on 42 patients with white cataract, who underwent cataract surgery. The patients were divided into manual small-incision cataract surgery (21 eyes, MSICS group) and phacoemulsification cataract surgery group (21 eyes, phaco group). The endothelial cell density (ECD), central cornea thickness (CCT), and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were evaluated at 1 day, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively. The results of 20 cases of nuclear sclerosis grade II-III (LOCS III) who underwent phacoemulsification by the same surgeon were also compared. Propensity scoring was used to adjust for confounding by selection bias. Results: The CCT increased after surgery in both groups. The thickness was greater in the phaco group on first day postoperatively (73 µ increase in MSICS group and 138 µ in phaco group, p=0.008) and it returned to preoperative levels 1 month postoperatively. The endothelial cell loss was lower in the MSICS group at 3 months postoperatively (11.8% in MSICS group and 15.8% in phaco group, p=0.111). The CDVA was not different in both groups at 1 week and 4 weeks postoperatively (p>0.05). Conclusions: Manual small-incision cataract surgery for white cataract provided less central corneal thickness changes compared to conventional phacoemulsification. Abbreviations: CCT = central corneal thickness; ECD = endothelial cell density; CDVA = corrected distance visual acuity; APT = absolute phacoemulsification time; EPT = effective phacoemulsification time; MSICS = Manual small-incision cataract surgery in white cataract; Phaco II = Phacoemulsification in white cataract; Phaco I = phacoemulsification in NS 2 + Cataract; Phaco = Phacoemulsification in white cataract; APACRS = Asia-Pacific Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons

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“…5 In terms of its overall contribution to blindness, a series of regional reports estimate glaucoma's contribution to blindness in 2015 to range between 6% (South Asia) to 16% (Sub-Saharan Africa), while for vision impairment (<6/18 to 3/60 presenting visual acuity in the better eye), its contribution ranged between 1% (South Asia) to 4% (Sub-Saharan Africa). [6][7][8][9][10][11] It is important to note that these models consider only the cases of glaucoma that reduce visual acuity below 6/18 in the better eye with no consideration given to severity of visual field loss in the definition. Therefore these estimates very much underestimate the full 'burden' of disability or impact on quality of life caused by glaucoma.…”

Section: Text Of Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision 2020: where are we?

Bourne

2020

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

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To describe the VISION 2020: The Right to Sight, global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness, the contribution of glaucoma to the magnitude of global blindness and priorities going forward. Recent findings: Although the target of the World Health Organization's GlobalAction Plan (2014Plan ( -2019 has not been met in terms of 25% reduction in avoidable blindness, there is evidence that the contribution of glaucoma to blindness and vision impairment is reducing. Yet this focus on a threshold of visual acuity by which to measure prevalence underestimates the true burden of glaucoma. Recent population-based studies demonstrate the scale of the unmet need.Summary: Scaling up of integrated people-centred eye care, by embedding glaucoma detection and care pathways in health systems with a strong focus on primary health care, is necessary. Solutions include reinforcing existing pathways while emphasising high quality glaucoma care, in addition to novel solutions such as self-testing, digital portable technology, artificial intelligence, and multi-level care pathways that extend to the most underserved parts of the global community.

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Prevalence and causes of vision loss in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Cataract Surgery on Frequency of Falls among Older Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effect of Cataract Surgery on Frequency of Falls among Older Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Central corneal thickness changes following manual small incision cataract surgery versus phacoemulsification for white cataract

Vision 2020: where are we?

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