Prevalence and Causes of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in a Population-Based Cohort From Northern Portugal

Ruano, Luís; Araújo, Natália; Branco, Mariana; Barreto, Rui; Moreira, Sandra; Pais, Joana; Cruz, Vítor Tedim; Lunet, Nuno; Barros, Henrique

doi:10.1177/1533317518813550

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Both the studies which used the MMSE as a screening test, Nunes et al [25] and Ruano et al [26] complemented the results with a neurologist evaluation. It is worth to point out that Ruano et al [26] report the 2015 prevalence for the EpiPorto cohort with the present study focusing on the period from 1999 to 2004 and that only in the current study was the incidence of cognitive impairment in this population ascertained (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe reports that used the Mini-Mental State Exam for cognitive impairment evaluation in samples with the same age characteristics as ours estimated cognitive impairment prevalence between 7.7 and 33.1% [ 12 , 16 , 20 ]. The incidence of cognitive impairment ranges from 56.5 to 76.8 per 1000 person-years in Europe [ 16 , 20 , 21 ] and from 41.8 to 65.4 per 1000 person-years, in North America [ 22 – 24 ] In Portugal, previously published studies report a prevalence of cognitive impairment ranging from 9.3 to 12.0% [ 10 , 25 , 26 ] and as far as we know, the incidence is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment in an elder Portuguese population (65–85 years old)

et al. 2020

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Background The increase in average life expectancy increases the risk of illness and frailty in the elderly, especially in the cognitive arena. This study has the objective to estimate the prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment, in a representative sample of 65 to 85 years old followed for a mean period of 6-years. Methods Subjects aged 65–85 years (n = 586) were screened at baseline (1999–2004) to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment using the Mini-Mental State Examination. A total of 287 individuals with a normal MMSE at baseline were reassessed after 6.2 mean years (± 4.30 years) to evaluate the incidence of cognitive impairment, defined as scoring below the age and education-adjusted MMSE cut-off points adapted for the Portuguese population. We did not exclude Dementia. Results The baseline prevalence of cognitive impairment was 15.5% (95% CI: 12.7–18.7). Higher in women (18.9%; 95% CI: 14.9–23.3), that in men (10.4%; 95% CI: 6.7–15.1). Increased with age and was highest for participants without any schooling. The overall incidence rate was 26.97 per 1000 person-years; higher in women (33.8 per 1000 person-years) than in men (18.0 per 1000 person-years). Higher for the oldest participants and those with no schooling. Taking the standard European population, we estimated a prevalence of 16.5% and an incidence of 34.4 per 1000 person-years. Conclusion The prevalence of cognitive impairment in Portugal is within the estimated interval for the European population, and the incidence is lower than for the majority of the European countries. Women, senior and elders without education have a higher risk of cognitive impairment. In our sample, neither employment nor marital status has a significant effect on cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment in an elder Portuguese population (65–85 years old)

et al. 2020

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“…Participants were classi ed into three categories: normal cognitive functioning, MCI and dementia. Screening was performed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) tests 16 . Participants who scored below the MMSE cutoff points of 20 for 0-2 years, 23 for 3-6 years and 27 for 7 years or more of schooling were considered as positive results, which had the tendency of dementia 17 .…”

Section: Data Collection and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment Among an Eastern Chinese Population At High Cardiovascular Disease Risk in 2020

Yang

Cheng²,

Yu³

et al. 2020

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Cardiovascular factors increased the risk of dementia. We investigated the associations between such factors, and tested that if a population with a high level of cardiovascular risk would have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. Participants (n=3082; ages=55+; 46.4% female) at high risk of CVD in Zhejiang province Registry for PEACE Million Persons Project, completed 3+ neuropsychological evaluations. Age-, gender- standardized prevalence rates were calculated based on the sixth population census for population of China. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to ascertain the risk factors of dementia. Trial registration number: NCT02536456. There was a high prevalence of cognitive Impairment, coupled with the fact that stroke, diabetes, hypertension and depression were significant risk factors. Cognitive impairment are highly prevalent among elderly at high risk of CVD in Zhejiang province. More population-based strategies, including preventing CVD and reducing cardiovascular risk factors would be an effective way to reduce the dementia burden.

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“…In the general population, Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent form of dementia. In Portugal, vascular cognitive impairment seems to be more prevalent than Alzheimer's disease, probably due to vascular disease and stroke incidence 13 . In CKD patients, vascular dementia is also more common because of many shared risk factors (albuminuria, anemia, intradialytic hypotension, dialysis disequilibrium, etc) that may impair cerebral perfusion and oxygen supply to brain tissue 14 .…”

Section: Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive geriatric assessment in nephrology

Farinha

Duque

2019

pjnh

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In Portugal, in 2018, 64.5% of dialysis patients were elderly and nearly a quarter were older than 80 years. Aging is a heterogeneous process: in some patients, there is a marked clinical improvement under renal replacement therapy (RRT) although others show an inexorable functional decline. Despite advances in dialysis, patient mortality rates remain high. These two phenomena have been difficult to understand and it may be difficult to decide which patients may benefit from RRT or conservative care. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is an instrument used by geriatricians to evaluate functionality and geriatric syndromes, allowing recognition of problems that would not otherwise be identified. It has been used to individualize and tailor therapies. CGA allows frailty identification (the major geriatric syndrome) and might better predict clinical prognosis and interventions' effectiveness. Physical frailty is a multifactorial condition that is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and its reversibility is hardly predictable when RRT is started so CGA might contribute to a better understanding of frailty in these patients. Therefore, it is possible that CGA application to CKD older patients would contribute to the selection of patients who might benefit the most from RRT and to improve patient clinical condition. This article aims to review geriatric syndromes and frailty in CKD patients, CGA potential to evaluate them and possible models to apply it.

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Prevalence and Causes of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in a Population-Based Cohort From Northern Portugal

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment in an elder Portuguese population (65–85 years old)

Prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment in an elder Portuguese population (65–85 years old)

Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment Among an Eastern Chinese Population At High Cardiovascular Disease Risk in 2020

Comprehensive geriatric assessment in nephrology

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