Prevalence and Causes of Amblyopia in a Rural Adult Population of Chinese

Wang, Yue; Liang, Yuan Bo; Sun, Lan; Duan, Xiaohui; Yuan, Rui Zhi; Wong, Tien Yin; Peng, Yi; Friedman, David S.; Wang, Ning Li; Wang, Jie Jin

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.05.026

Cited by 55 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Also, spontaneous secondary exotropia (and very rarely, esotropia) in a long-standing amblyopic eye is a known occurrence. 15,25,26 Hence, it may be difficult to determine whether a person was a unilateral esotrope or exotrope to begin with. The eye with eccentric fixation is generally suppressed as an adaptive measure under binocular conditions; hence, these patients fixate monocularly.…”

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Fixation and its role in the causation, laterality and location of pterygium: a study in amblyopes and non-amblyopes

Sudhalkar¹

2011

Eye

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Aim To evaluate the role of fixation in causing pterygium and determining its laterality and location. Methods This is a prospective, observational, case-control study. Cases were defined as patients with primary pterygium who had unilateral amblyopia with eccentric fixation. Controls were age-matched patients with primary pterygium, but without amblyopia and eccentric fixation. All patients underwent complete ocular, orthoptic, and systemic examination and a detailed risk-factor assessment (latitude of residence, exposure to sunlight, sand, and a high-reflectance environment). The role of fixation in the causation, laterality and location of pterygium was evaluated. Fisher's exact test, the unpaired t-test, and odds ratio (OR) were carried out to determine the significance of the observations. Results The mean age of subjects was 47.1 ± 5.25 years in cases (n ¼ 107) and 48.2 ± 4.75 years in controls (n ¼ 310; P ¼ 0.78). As far as known risk factors were concerned, both groups were evenly matched. Among the cases, 88 (82.2%) patients demonstrated suppression of the amblyopic eye and 19 (17.8%) patients had abnormal retinal correspondence (ARC). Patients with suppression had a unilateral pterygium in the better (fixating) eye, whereas those with ARC had bilateral pterygia. Among the controls, 192 (61.9%) eyes had bilateral pterygia and 118 (38.1%) eyes had unilateral pterygium. In controls, the dominant eye had a higher prevalence of pterygium. All patients in both groups had a nasal pterygium. Pterygium and fixation were strongly associated (P ¼ 0.007; Fisher's exact test; OR À15.98; P ¼ 0.008). Conclusion Fixation appears to have an important role in causing pterygium and determining its location and laterality.

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Fixation and its role in the causation, laterality and location of pterygium: a study in amblyopes and non-amblyopes

Sudhalkar¹

2011

Eye

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“…The nonparticipants with POAG were older (66 vs 60 years) and had higher rates of hypertension (84.2% vs 70.2%) and diabetes (21.1% vs 8.5%) than participants with POAG, although this was not significant. 37 Finally, we awakened all the subjects to measure IOP in a sitting position and BP in a supine position during normal sleeping hours, which may have altered the actual physiology being studied. [38][39][40][41] In summary, SOPP, DOPP, and MOPP were consistently lower in eyes with POAG than in eyes with suspected POAG among Chinese persons identified in a population-based study.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Population-Based Assessment of 24-Hour Ocular Perfusion Pressure Among Patients With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Liang

Zhou

Friedman

et al. 2016

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Amblyopia is associated with complete or partial lack of clear visual input to one eye (stimulus deprivation amblyopia or unilateral/anisometropic refractive amblyopia), or less often to both eyes (bilateral refractive amblyopia) or to conflicting visual inputs to the two eyes (strabismic amblyopia) [3]. Anisometropia is one of the main causes of amblyopia [4]. The difference in refractive error between two eyes produces abnormal binocular interaction and motivates inhibition of the eye with greater refractive error, resulting in a reduction in its visual acuity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anisometropia Magnitude and Amblyopia Depth in Previously Untreated Unilateral Amblyopia Patients

Istek¹

2017

OALib

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Objective: The study aimed to investigate the association among the depth of amblyopia, the magnitude of anisometropia, age, sex and laterality. Methods: A retrospective review of 13,146 patients was performed and 64 patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia were investigated between January 2013 and May 2015 in Hakkari Government Hospital Eye Clinic during my obligatory duty as an ophthalmologist. The depth of amblyopia, the magnitude of refractive error and anisometropia, age, laterality and gender of the patients were statistically analyzed. Results: Age was positively correlated with the cylindrical values of myopic amblyopic patients whereas such correlation was not observed in hyperopia (rho: 0.666; p < 0.01; Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level, 2-tailed). The amblyopia depth was significantly more common in the left eye compared to the right eye in severe and moderate amblyopia groups. In astigmatism, cylindrical powers of amblyopic eyes were statistically correlated with logMAR visual acuities of amblyopic eyes. The spherical powers of amblyopic eyes were statistically correlated with logMAR visual acuity of amblyopic eyes in myopia and in hyperopia. Also in hyperopia, cylindrical powers of healthy eyes were statistically correlated with cylindrical powers of amblyopic eyes (rho: 0.763; p < 0.01). This result may indicate the tendency of making amblyopia in both eyes of hyperopia patients. Conclusion: Refractive disorder difference of 0.75 diopter (D) astigmatism or 1.5 D of spherical refractive disorder difference was enough for amblyopia development. The same amount of anisohyperopia and anisoastigmatism leads to deeper amblyopia compared to the same amount of anisomyopia. The vision per D values of refractive disorders were approaching to each other above 4 D of spherical equivalents. The deeper amblyopia was significantly more common in the left eye compared to the right eye. The hyperopia seems to change slowly whereas the astigmatism and the myopia behave like a factor that varies as time goes by.

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Prevalence and Causes of Amblyopia in a Rural Adult Population of Chinese

Cited by 55 publications

References 27 publications

Fixation and its role in the causation, laterality and location of pterygium: a study in amblyopes and non-amblyopes

Fixation and its role in the causation, laterality and location of pterygium: a study in amblyopes and non-amblyopes

A Population-Based Assessment of 24-Hour Ocular Perfusion Pressure Among Patients With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Anisometropia Magnitude and Amblyopia Depth in Previously Untreated Unilateral Amblyopia Patients

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