Prevalence and Associations of Illicit Drug and Polydrug Use in People Living with HIV in Vienna

Grabovac, Igor; Meilinger, Michael; Schalk, Horst; Leichsenring, Birgit; Dörner, Thomas

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26413-5

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The frequency of consumption of alcoholic beverages and being younger were also associated with RDU, albeit at a lower intensity. These results confirm the findings of other studies, where a higher prevalence of RDU amongst those of a younger age [3,59,60] and a higher incidence of STIs in the HIV population [3,[61][62][63] were found. Legal drugs such as Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Recreational Drug Use in People Living with HIV in Spain: Factors Associated with Drug Use and the Impact on Clinical Outcomes

Castro-Granell

Garin

Jaén³

et al. 2021

AIDS Behav

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We analysed the impact of recreational drug use (RDU) on different outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV). A multicentre retrospective cohort study was performed with two cohorts of PLHIV included: people using recreational drugs (PURD) vs. people not using recreational drugs (PNURD). Overall, 275 PLHIV were included. RDU was associated with men having sex with men (OR 4.14, 95% CI [1.14, 5.19]), previous sexually transmitted infections (OR 4.00, 95% CI [1.97, 8.13]), and current smoking (OR 2.74, 95% CI [1.44, 5.19]). While the CD4/CD8 ratio increased amongst PNURD during the follow-up year, it decreased amongst PURD (p = 0.050). PURD presented lower scores of self-reported and multi-interval antiretroviral adherence (p = 0.017, and p = 0.006, respectively), emotional well-being (p < 0.0001), and regular follow-up (p = 0.059), but paid more visits to the emergency unit (p = 0.046). RDU worsens clinical, immunological, and mental health outcomes amongst PLHIV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Recreational Drug Use in People Living with HIV in Spain: Factors Associated with Drug Use and the Impact on Clinical Outcomes

Castro-Granell

Garin

Jaén³

et al. 2021

AIDS Behav

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“…For example, our results were similar to those found by Daskalopoulou et al [5] in the United Kingdom, although direct comparison is not possible since that study evaluated last-three-months consumption. Grabovak et al [39] found a moderately higher prevalence of drug use in PLHIV in Austria but their analysis included sildenafil/tadalafil, categorized as ‘other substances’ in our study. In contrast, our prevalence results were higher compared with other studies in France [40] or Scotland [37] although, again, differences in time frame make comparisons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use in people living with HIV in Spain: A cross-sectional study

Fuster‐RuizdeApodaca¹,

Castro-Granell

Garin

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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This study assessed the prevalence and patterns of drug use among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Spain. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study including 1401 PLHIV. Data were collected through 33 sites across Spain using an online computer-assisted self-administered interview. The survey measured use of illicit drugs and other substances, treatment adherence and health-related variables. To analyse patterns of drug use we performed cluster analysis in two stages. The most frequently consumed substances were: alcohol (86.7%), tobacco (55.0%), illicit drugs (49.5%), other substances (27.1%). The most prevalent illicit drugs used were cannabis (73.8%), cocaine powder (53.9%), and poppers (45.4%). Results found four clusters of PLHIV who used drugs. Two of them were composed mainly of heterosexuals (HTX): Cluster 1 (n = 172) presented the lowest polydrug use and they were mainly users of cannabis, and Cluster 2 (n = 84) grouped mostly men who used mainly heroin and cocaine; which had the highest percentage of people who inject drugs and presented the lowest level of treatment adherence (79.8±14.2; p < .0001). The other two clusters were composed mainly of men who have sex with men (MSM), who were mostly users of recreational drugs. Cluster 3 (n = 285) reported moderate consumption, both regarding frequency and diversity of drugs used, while Cluster 4 (n = 153) was characterized by the highest drug polyconsumption (7.4±2.2; p < .0001), and 4 grouped MSM who injected recreational drugs, and who reported the highest frequency of use of drugs in a sexual context (2.6±0.8; p < .0001) and rates of sexually transmitted infections (1.8±1.1; p < .01). This is the largest multi-centre cross-sectional study assessing the current prevalence and patterns of drug use among PLHIV in Spain. The highest prevalence of drug use was found among MSM, although HTX who used heroin and cocaine (Cluster 2) had the most problems with adherence to HIV treatment and the worst health status.

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“…Cocaine use is common among persons with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with prevalence estimates for current or recent use ranging from 5 to 30% [1][2][3][4][5][6], compared with 2% in the US general population [7]. Previous studies have shown that cocaine use accelerated HIV progression [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation mediates the effect of cocaine use on HIV severity

et al. 2020

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Background Cocaine use accelerates human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progression and worsens HIV outcomes. We assessed whether DNA methylation in blood mediates the association between cocaine use and HIV severity in a veteran population. Methods We analyzed 1435 HIV-positive participants from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Biomarker Cohort (VACS-BC). HIV severity was measured by the Veteran Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index. We assessed the effect of cocaine use on VACS index and mortality among the HIV-positive participants. We selected candidate mediators that were associated with both persistent cocaine use and VACS index by epigenome-wide association (EWA) scans at a liberal p value cutoff of 0.001. Mediation analysis of the candidate CpG sites between cocaine’s effect and the VACS index was conducted, and the joint mediation effect of multiple CpGs was estimated. A two-step epigenetic Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted as validation. Results More frequent cocaine use was significantly associated with a higher VACS index (β = 1.00, p = 2.7E−04), and cocaine use increased the risk of 10-year mortality (hazard ratio = 1.10, p = 0.011) with adjustment for confounding factors. Fifteen candidate mediator CpGs were selected from the EWA scan. Twelve of these CpGs showed significant mediation effects, with each explaining 11.3–29.5% of the variation. The mediation effects for 3 of the 12 CpGs were validated by the two-step epigenetic MR analysis. The joint mediation effect of the 12 CpGs accounted for 47.2% of cocaine’s effect on HIV severity. Genes harboring these 12 CpGs are involved in the antiviral response (IFIT3, IFITM1, NLRC5, PLSCR1, PARP9) and HIV progression (CX3CR1, MX1). Conclusions We identified 12 DNA methylation CpG sites that appear to play a mediation role in the association between cocaine use and HIV severity.

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Prevalence and Associations of Illicit Drug and Polydrug Use in People Living with HIV in Vienna

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Recreational Drug Use in People Living with HIV in Spain: Factors Associated with Drug Use and the Impact on Clinical Outcomes

Recreational Drug Use in People Living with HIV in Spain: Factors Associated with Drug Use and the Impact on Clinical Outcomes

Prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use in people living with HIV in Spain: A cross-sectional study

DNA methylation mediates the effect of cocaine use on HIV severity

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