Prevalence and association of HBV and HCV infection with cardiovascular disease risk factors in a peri-urban population

Objective: To find out association of lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) profile among cases having chronic hepatitis C virus (CHCV) infection. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Combined Military Hospital, Multan Pakistan, from Mar 2019 to Feb 2020. Methodology: A total of 320 cases of both genders, aged 18-60 years, having chronic hepatitis C virus infection were enrolled. After taking relevant history and physical examination, venous blood sample of each patient was taken and sent to institutional laboratory for analysis of serum total cholesterol (TC) level, serum triglyceride (TG) level, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) were analyzed. Body mass index among all the study participants was also calculated. Results: Out of a total of 320 cases, there were 152 (47.5%) male and 168 (52.5%) female. Mean age was 41.7 ± 8.1 years. Most of the cases, 97 (30.3%) were between 41-50 years of group. Dyslipidemia was noted in 144 (45%) cases. Increasing age and increasing Body mass index were found to have statistical significance with the presence of dyslipidemia (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Increasing age and body mass index have significant association with dyslipidemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Lipid profile altered among different age and body mass index groups.

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“…Abnormalities in the lipid profile of CHCV patients can also contribute to hepatic steatosis and deposition of hepatocellular lipid droplets. 23…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Body Mass Index and Lipid Profile With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

Younas

Hanif

Ali

et al. 2021

PAFMJ

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“…A previous study showed that HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) is a major contributor of atherosclerosis ( 147 ), but two other studies found no significant association between chronic HBV infection and development of carotid atherosclerotic plaques ( 191 , 192 ). Moreover, a significant negative correlation between serum levels of triglycerides and HBV infection is also reported ( 148 ). In contrast, results of a meta-analysis study represented that exposure to HBV led to increase atherosclerosis-associated morbidity rate ( 193 ).…”

Section: Drivers Of Immunosenescence and Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 95%

Immunosenescence in atherosclerosis: A role for chronic viral infections

Talepoor

Doroudchi

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Immune system is a versatile and dynamic body organ which offers survival and endurance of human beings in their hostile living environment. However, similar to other cells, immune cells are hijacked by senescence. The ageing immune cells lose their beneficial functions but continue to produce inflammatory mediators which draw other immune and non-immune cells to the senescence loop. Immunosenescence has been shown to be associated with different pathological conditions and diseases, among which atherosclerosis has recently come to light. There are common drivers of both immunosenescence and atherosclerosis; e.g. inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chronic viral infections, genomic damage, oxidized-LDL, hypertension, cigarette smoke, hyperglycaemia, and mitochondrial failure. Chronic viral infections induce inflammaging, sustained cytokine signaling, ROS generation and DNA damage which are associated with atherogenesis. Accumulating evidence shows that several DNA and RNA viruses are stimulators of immunosenescence and atherosclerosis in an interrelated network. DNA viruses such as CMV, EBV and HBV upregulate p16, p21 and p53 senescence-associated molecules; induce inflammaging, metabolic reprogramming of infected cells, replicative senescence and telomere shortening. RNA viruses such as HCV and HIV induce ROS generation, DNA damage, induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic reprogramming of infected cells, G1 cell cycle arrest, telomere shortening, as well as epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones. The newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus is also a potent inducer of cytokine storm and SASP. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 promotes senescence phenotype in endothelial cells by augmenting p16, p21, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) and adhesion molecules expression. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 mega-inflammation on atherogenesis, however, remains to be investigated. In this review we focus on the common processes in immunosenescence and atherogenesis caused by chronic viral infections and discuss the current knowledge on this topic.

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“…Patients with chronic HCV infection had elevated concentrations of cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, such as N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), soluble ICAM-1, soluble VCAM-1, CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α compared to non-infected patients, suggesting cardiac failure, endothelial dysfunction, and pro-inflammatory state [72]. Furthermore, HCV-infected patients had lower levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), LDL, and triglycerides, compared to non-infected, which indicates a pathomechanism unrelated to traditional risk factors [73].…”

Section: Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections as Novel Risk Factors of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathophysiological Links and Therapeutic Implications

Szwed

Zawadka

Eyileten

et al. 2021

JCM

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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are the major cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the continuous progress in ASCVD therapy, the residual risk persists beyond the management of traditional risk factors. Several infections including Helicobacter pylori infection, periodontal disease, and viral infections are associated with the increased risk of ASCVD, both directly by damage to the heart muscle and vasculature, and indirectly by triggering a systemic proinflammatory state. Hence, beyond the optimal management of the traditional ASCVD risk factors, infections should be considered as an important non-classical risk factor to enable early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Here, we summarized the currently available evidence regarding the role of inflammation in ASCVD and the association between the particular infections and pathogens (Helicobacter pylori, periodontal disease, pneumonia, Cytomegalovirus, Human immunodeficiency virus, Herpes simplex virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) on the development and progression of ASCVD. We also speculated about the potential therapeutic implications of the anti-inflammatory and anti-infective drugs on ASCVD outcomes, including drugs routinely administered in patients with ASCVD (statins, P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers) and novel strategies aiming at residual risk reduction (colchicine, anti-cytokine drugs, and methotrexate). Considering the emerging association between infections and ASCVD, it is crucial to determine the possible advantages of infection prevention and treatment in patients with ASCVD.

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Prevalence and association of HBV and HCV infection with cardiovascular disease risk factors in a peri-urban population

Cited by 6 publications

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Association of Body Mass Index and Lipid Profile With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

Association of Body Mass Index and Lipid Profile With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

Immunosenescence in atherosclerosis: A role for chronic viral infections

Infections as Novel Risk Factors of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathophysiological Links and Therapeutic Implications

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