Prevalence And Associated Risk Factors Of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Pregnant Women In Africa: A Systematic Review

Tesfay, Gebrehiwet; Deekonda, Karthik; Paramasivam, Ragul; Saravanan, Muthupandian

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-23000/v1

Cited by 2 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“… 34 It is also more or less comparable with 24.8% pooled prevalence report of BV in Africa. 14 A similar study finding was also reported from Ethiopia, Addis Ababa of 19.4%. 17 This comparable sample size, method used and similarity of study population may contribute to the very close findings among different studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“… 17 This comparable sample size, method used and similarity of study population may contribute to the very close findings among different studies. 14 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 36 This might be related to the nature of bacterial vaginosis, which greatly varied by geographical distribution, socioeconomic and behavioral differences of the study population. 14 , 15 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 17 , 61–65 Even if the mechanism is unknown, having multiple sexual partners and a history of STI can upset/disturb the normal flora of the vagina (lactobacilli) and facilitate the growth of diverse anaerobic bacteria. 14 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 12 , 13 BV is also associated with a history of sexually transmitted infection and the number of sex partners. 14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Harar City, Eastern Ethiopia

Ahmed¹,

Ayana²,

Abate³

2022

IDR

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Background Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common causes of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age, especially pregnant women. It is characterized by the decrement of lactobacilli and increasing proliferation of diverse anaerobic bacteria. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and contributing factors vary between countries, within the same country, and among different populations. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care from May 5–July 15, 2021 in health-care facilities found in Harar town, eastern Ethiopia. Methods and Materials An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 248 pregnant women attending antenatal care through systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and two vaginal swabs were collected using sterile swabs and transported to the microbiology laboratory. Samples were analyzed using Amsel’s criteria or using Nugent scoring criteria and culture. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with bacterial vaginosis. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Altogether 248 pregnant women were included in the study. Overall, 21.4% (95% CI: 16, 27) of study participants had bacterial vaginosis. History of sexually transmitted infection (AOR = 6.0, 95% CI: 1.94, 19.07; P = 0.002), history of spontaneous abortion (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI: 1.55, 22.02; P = 0.009), multiple sex partners (AOR = 8.6, 95% CI: 2.93, 25.79; P = 0.000) and having vaginal discharge (AOR = 5.5, 95% CI: 2.48, 12.41; P = 0.000) were significantly associated with bacterial vaginosis. Conclusion The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is higher among symptomatic pregnant women and associated with a history of sexually transmitted infection, vaginal discharge, multiple sexual partners and spontaneous abortion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“… 17 This comparable sample size, method used and similarity of study population may contribute to the very close findings among different studies. 14 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 12 , 13 BV is also associated with a history of sexually transmitted infection and the number of sex partners. 14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Harar City, Eastern Ethiopia

Ahmed¹,

Ayana²,

Abate³

2022

IDR

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Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Adverse Outcomes of Bacterial Vaginosis among Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

Sethi,

Narayanan,

Saaid

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The existence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) during pregnancy has currently attracted the attention of the scientific community due to its possible association with adverse clinical outcomes. However, the practical implications of BV in pregnant women are still not that well defined. This study aims to critically review and report the prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of BV among pregnant women. Methods A comprehensive systematic search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases was conducted based on the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Results The search yielded a total of 2237 records; among them, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The results indicated a higher prevalence of BV among the African population. The risk of developing BV during pregnancy was highest among women with multiple sexual partners. Additionally, factors including age, socioeconomic status, unhygienic practices, ethnic background, 2nd trimester, spontaneous abortion, vaginal douching, symptoms, and history of sexually transmitted infections were also associated with a higher prevalence of BV. Overall, 58.3% of the studies reported adverse outcomes during pregnancy which was directly associated with BV. It was found that premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, and low birth weight were the most frequently reported adverse outcomes in pregnant women with BV. Conclusion The high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis necessitates a global surveillance approach to delineate the health risks imposed on both mother and child, and promote cost-effective strategic measures to alleviate the undesired consequences of BV during pregnancy.

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Prevalence And Associated Risk Factors Of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Pregnant Women In Africa: A Systematic Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Harar City, Eastern Ethiopia

Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Harar City, Eastern Ethiopia

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Adverse Outcomes of Bacterial Vaginosis among Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

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