Prevalence and associated outcomes of coinfection between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yan, Xiaolong; Li, Ke; Lei, Zhiqun; Luo, Jiayao; Wang, Qi; Wei, Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.08.021

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The authors remarked that the clinical outcome of coinfection in patients with risk factors for severe COVID-19 required further observation. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 95 studies revealed that the odds ratios for ICU admission, mechanical ventilation support, and mortality were significantly higher among COVID-19 patients coinfected with influenza A virus than with mono-infections [19]. These findings underscore the importance of rapid PCR testing as well as seasonal COVID-19 and influenza vaccination for high-risk individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Clinical Evaluation of Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and Alinity m Resp-4-Plex Assay

Chan,

Wong,

Yau

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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The performance of the Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and Alinity m Resp-4-Plex Assays were evaluated using 167 specimens, including 158 human respiratory specimens and 9 external quality assessment program (EQAP) samples. For respiratory specimens, CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus exhibited perfect agreement with the standard-of-care (SOC) methods (Cohen’s κ: 1, 100% agreement). The overall positive and negative percent agreement (PPA and NPA) were 100%, with 95% confidence intervals of 96.50 to 100% and 85.70 to 100%, respectively. On the other hand, Resp-4-Plex revealed an almost perfect agreement with the SOC methods (Cohen’s κ: 0.92, 97.71% agreement). The overall PPA and NPA were 100% (95.76 to 100%) and 88.46% (70.20 to 96.82%), respectively. For EQAP samples, the results of CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus (9/9) and Resp-4-Plex (4/4) were concordant with the expected results. The experimental limit of detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the lowest (25 copies/mL for both methods), and that of the respiratory syncytial virus was the highest (400 copies/mL for CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and 100 copies/mL for Resp-4-Plex). Threshold cycle (Ct) value correlation showed a large positive linear association between CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and Resp-4-Plex, with R-squared values of 0.92–0.97, and on average, the Ct values of CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus were higher than that of Resp-4-Plex by 1.86–2.78, except for Flu A1 target (−0.66). To conclude, the performance of both assay was comparable to the SOC methods for both upper and lower respiratory specimens. Implementation of these rapid assay may reinforce the diagnostic capacity for the post-pandemic co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Clinical Evaluation of Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and Alinity m Resp-4-Plex Assay

Chan,

Wong,

Yau

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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“…Thus, we also tested the efficacy of Solution-3 against the early phases of Influenza A (FLU-A) infection, another pathogen commonly found in COVID-19 coinfection [ 87 ]. To this purpose, we used Madin-Darby canine kidney ( i.e., MDCK) cells as cellular model for FLU-A infection [ 88 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of innate immunity related genes resulting in prophylactic antimicrobial and antiviral properties

Ferrucci,

Miceli,

Pagliuca

et al. 2024

J Transl Med

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Background The innate immunity acts during the early phases of infection and its failure in response to a multilayer network of co-infections is cause of immune system dysregulation. Epidemiological SARS-CoV-2 infections data, show that Influenza Virus (FLU-A-B-C) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) are co-habiting those respiratory traits. These viruses, especially in children (mostly affected by ‘multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children’ [MIS-C] and the winter pandemic FLU), in the aged population, and in ‘fragile’ patients are causing alteration in immune response. Then, bacterial and fungal pathogens are also co-habiting the upper respiratory traits (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans), thus contributing to morbidity in those COVID-19 affected patients. Methods Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry using the quadrupole orbital ion trap analyser (i.e., UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was adopted to measure the polyphenols content of a new nutraceutical formula (Solution-3). Viral infections with SARS-CoV-2 (EG.5), FLU-A and RSV-A viruses (as performed in BLS3 authorised laboratory) and real time RT-PCR (qPCR) assay were used to test the antiviral action of the nutraceutical formula. Dilution susceptibility tests have been used to estimate the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC, respectively) of Solution-3 on a variety of microorganisms belonging to Gram positive/ negative bacteria and fungi. Transcriptomic data analyses and functional genomics (i.e., RNAseq and data mining), coupled to qPCR and ELISA assays have been used to investigate the mechanisms of action of the nutraceutical formula on those processes involved in innate immune response. Results Here, we have tested the combination of natural products containing higher amounts of polyphenols (i.e., propolis, Verbascum thapsus L., and Thymus vulgaris L.), together with the inorganic long chain polyphosphates ‘polyPs’ with antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal behaviours, against SARS-CoV-2, FLU-A, RSV-A, Gram positive/ negative bacteria and fungi (i.e., Candida albicans). These components synergistically exert an immunomodulatory action by enhancing those processes involved in innate immune response (e.g., cytokines: IFNγ, TNFα, IL-10, IL-6/12; chemokines: CXCL1; antimicrobial peptides: HBD-2, LL-37; complement system: C3). Conclusion The prophylactic antimicrobial success of this nutraceutical formula against SARS-CoV-2, FLU-A and RSV-A viruses, together with the common bacteria and fungi co-infections as present in human oral cavity, is expected to be valuable.

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“…One recent meta-analysis indicated that overall 1.2% of COVID-19 patients had influenza coinfection. 2 Our patient presented with concurrent COVID-19 and parainfluenza infections with a background history of bilateral bronchiectasis/ DM, hence emphasising on the need for early detection to improve clinical outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and parainfluenza virus in an elderly patient: a case report

Adiody,

2024

Int J Community Med Public Health

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COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11th March 2020. Influenza usually occurs in winters, and the burden of the disease is determined by several factors, including the effectiveness of the vaccine that season, the characteristics of the circulating viruses, and how long the season lasts. Host factors and comorbidities also play an integral role in determining the outcome of the disease. Both the viral diseases present with an acute influenza like illness which may progress in certain individuals to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. It is essential to understand that coinfection with viruses may occur and it is important to diagnose them as some require antivirals and some supportive and symptomatic management. Here, we present the case of an elderly lady with bilateral bronchiectasis who was infected with both SARS-CoV2 virus and parainfluenza 3.

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Prevalence and associated outcomes of coinfection between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Clinical Evaluation of Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and Alinity m Resp-4-Plex Assay

Clinical Evaluation of Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and Alinity m Resp-4-Plex Assay

Modulation of innate immunity related genes resulting in prophylactic antimicrobial and antiviral properties

Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and parainfluenza virus in an elderly patient: a case report

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