Prevalence and associated factors of acute respiratory infection among street sweepers and door-to-door waste collectors in Dessie City, Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Acute respiratory infections are rising in developing countries including Ethiopia. Lack of evidence for the prevalence and associated factors of acute respiratory infection among street sweepers and door-to-door waste collectors in Dessie City, Ethiopia is a challenge for the implementation of appropriate measures to control acute respiratory infection. Thus, this study was designed to address the gaps. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 84 door-to-door waste collectors and 84 street sweepers from March to May 2018. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected by trained data collectors using a pretested structured questionnaire and on-the-spot direct observation checklist. Data were analyzed using three different binary logistic regression models at 95% confidence interval (CI): the first model (Model I) was used to identify factors associated with acute respiratory infection among street sweepers, whereas the second model (Model II) was used to identify factors associated with acute respiratory infection among door-to-door waste collectors, and the third model (Model III) was used for pooled analysis to identify factors associated with acute respiratory infection among both street sweepers and door-to-door waste collectors. From each model multivariable logistic regression, variables with a p-value <0.05 were taken as factors significantly associated with acute respiratory infection. Results The overall prevalence of acute respiratory infection among studied population was 42.85% with 95% CI (35.1, 50.0%). The prevalence of acute respiratory infection among street sweepers was 48.80% (95% CI: 37.3, 64.8%) and among door-to-door waste collectors was 36.90% (95% CI: 27.4, 46.4%). There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of acute respiratory infection among the two groups due to the overlapping of the 95% CI. Among the street sweepers, we found that factors significantly associated with acute respiratory infection were not cleaning personal protective equipment after use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.15, 5.51) and use of coal/wood for cooking (AOR: 3.95; 95% CI: 1.52, 7.89), whereas among door-to-door waste collectors, were not using a nose/mouth mask while on duty (AOR: 5.57; 95% CI: 1.39, 9.32) and not receiving health and safety training (AOR: 3.82; 95% CI: 1.14–7.03) were factors significantly associated with acute respiratory infection among door-to-door-waste collectors. From the pooled analysis, we found that not using a nose/mouth mask while on duty (AOR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.16, 4.53) and using coal/wood for cooking (AOR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.18, 6.95) were factors significantly associated with acute respiratory infection for both street sweepers and door-to-door waste collectors. Conclusion The prevalence of acute respiratory infection among street sweepers and door-to-door waste collectors has no statistically significant difference. For both groups, not using a nose/mouth mask while on duty and using coal/wood for cooking fuel factors associated with acute respiratory infection. The municipality should motivate and monitor workers use of personal protective equipment including masks and gloves. Workers should use a nose/mouth mask while on duty and should choose a clean energy source for cooking at home.

Magnitude and risk factors of chronic respiratory symptoms among municipal street sweepers in Dessie and Kombolcha City, Northeast, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study

“…Workers who earn < US$17 monthly income were 2.1 times more likely to have chronic respiratory symptom compared to those workers who earn ⩾ US$17 monthly income ( p = 0.004, AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.7–3.8). 18 …”

Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms and Risk Factors Among Street Sweepers in Gondar City Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The sample size was done for both the first and second objectives using single proportional formula and Open EPI info version7 software. Assumptions for the first objective were 95% confidence interval (CI), 36.9%, prevalence of respiratory symptoms among street sweepers 14 and 5% margin of error.…”

“…For the second objective 95% CI, and power 80% and factors that have strong significant relation with the respiratory symptom such as use of mask and use of fuel at household for cooking 14 were used for sample size calculation for second objective. After adding 10% non-response rate, the final sample size for the first and second objective was 394 and 138, respectively.…”

“…There are a number of factors that affect respiratory symptoms and reported in different studies and such factors including socio-demographic characteristics like age, 11 BMI, sleeping hours, 12 educational level, housing condition factors like direct contact with pets, artificial or natural ventilation, 13 use of coal/wood for cooking, 14 behavioral related factors like smoking, 15 personal protective equipments (PPE) utilization, 14 work experience or duration of exposure, working hours per day, 11 and past respiratory illness. 13 …”

Literature Review Kajian Risiko Kesehatan Kerja Pada Pekerja Pengumpulan Dan Pengangkutan Sampah

“…Sebanyak 55% responden mengalami sesak napas, 56% jalan pernapasan responden terasa kering dan panas, dan 66% responden mengalami hidung iritasi [14]. Infeksi aluran pernapasan akut mencapai 36,90%, OR karena tidak menggunakan APD sebesar 5,57 [20]. Terdapat 55,5% responden mengalami sesak napas saat beraktivitas [27], pada penelitian lain terdapat 40,7%…”