Prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among residents of Illu Ababore zone, southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: A common mental disorder is characterized by anxiety, depression, and unexplained somatic symptoms that usually encountered in community and primary care settings. Both short and long term bio psychosocial disabilities are inevitable if common mental disorder is not treated. Despite its impact, the prevalence of common mental disorder in the Illu Ababore zone is not well known. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorder among Ilu Ababore zone residents, Southwest Ethiopia. Method: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1 to August 30, 2018. A multi-stage sampling technique was applied to recruit participants. Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess the presence of common mental disorder. The data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 23 software. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were computed to identify the associated factors. Statistical significance was considered at P value < 0.05. Result: A total of 690 participants were enrolled in this study with a response rate of 91.39%. The prevalence of common mental disorder was 27.2% (95% CI, 23.9, 31.0%). Being female (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.15, 2.69), unable to read and write (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.37, 6.82), living in the rural area (AOR = 3.53, 95% CI = 2.01, 6.18), having a family member with mental illness (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.6, 4.5), having a chronic physical illness (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI = 2.26, 5.34) and lifetime alcohol use (AOR = 4.55, 95% CI = 2.93, 7.0) had a significant association with common mental disorder. Conclusion: The current study showed that the proportion of the common mental disorder was high. Females showed a higher prevalence of the common mental disorder. Having a chronic physical illness, resides in the rural areas and history of lifetime alcohol use were also significantly associated with CMD. Psychological and social interventions with greater emphasis on females who have low educational status and residing in the rural area are recommended. Strategies that focus on the proper treatment of chronic physical illness can be also helpful to minimize the occurrence of common mental disorder.

Magnitude of Common Mental Disorder and Factors Associated Among People Living in Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2018: Community Based Cross Sectional Study

“…The nding from the current study showed that estimated prevalence of Common mental disorder was 24.7% it was in line with studies done in Britain at different study settings 24.6% and 24.2% (14,15) and study done Illibabure was reported 27.2% (27) possible reason might be the nature of illness and same instrument used.…”

“…Females were 2.1 time more likely to develop Common mental disorder than males. this ndings supported by different studies like in Ethiopia, Greece, and South Africa( (17,20,23,27)) possible reason could be females are deprived of schooling and receive burden of social and household responsibility than males and also they are highly vulnerable for physical and sexual abuse. In addition to this low socio-economic status of females might have predispose them to higher risk for common mental disorders.…”

“…In Ethiopia in different areas community based studies conducted using the same instrument reported that prevalence of common mental disorders ranging from 11.2-33.4% (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28).…”

Magnitude of common mental disorders and factors associated among people living in Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2018: community based cross-sectional study

“…This finding was in line with studies conducted in Britain at different study settings that reported a prevalence estimate of 24.6% and 24.2% respectively [ 14 , 15 ]. It was also in line with another study conducted in Ethiopia’s Illubabore town which reported a prevalence rate of 27.2% [ 27 ]. The possible reasons for the similarity might be attributed to the nature of the instrument (SRQ-20) used in all the studies.…”

“…Females were 2.1 times more likely to develop CMDs than males. This finding is also supported by studies conducted in Greece, South Africa and even Ethiopia [ 17 , 20 , 23 , 27 ]. The possible reason might have emanated from biological cause of hormonal difference [ 40 ].…”