Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh: findings from SHASTO baseline survey

Hasan, M. Tasdik; Khan, Shamshir; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Hossain, Muttaquina; Hossaine, Moyazzam; Yoshimura, Yukie; Choudhury, Sohel Reza; Sarker, Malabika; Mridha, Malay K

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038975

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…But it is comparable to previous studies carried out in Senegal in Saint Louis in 2011 which had found a prevalence of 46% (33)and that carried out in Guéoul in 2012 of 46.6% (34). In comparison to studies carried out on the subject, outside Senegal, it turned out that this prevalence is higher than the 31% found in Bangladesh in Asia (47 (47) This prevalence of hypertension, close to 50% in this study, is due to a signi cant proportion of self-reported cases of 31.3% whose hypertensive status has been poorly documented. This constitutes a limit in determining the prevalence of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Major cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity in the municipality of Niakhene in 2020 in Senegal

Diallo,

Bassoum,

Sow

et al. 2023

Preprint

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INTRODUCTION Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure are a heavy health and economic burden in low-income countries. This work aimed to study the prevalence of diabetes, arterial hypertension, and obesity as well as their associated factors in the Niakhene commune in rural Senegal. METHOD This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical survey among subjects aged at least 18 years and residing in the municipality of Niakhene carried out in October 2020. A systematic random survey, stratified according to sex and sections was carried out. The questionnaire was constructed from the framework of the STEPS 2015 World Health Organization tools and a literature review. This questionnaire was associated with anthropometric, blood sugar and blood pressure measurements. Descriptive and analytical analyzes were performed with R 4.0.2 software. RESULTS A total of 300 individuals were surveyed. They had a mean age of 35.3 years (SD:16.9), female (52.3%), married (65.7%), and uneducated (67.7%). The main family history was high blood pressure (42.0%), diabetes (9.0%), and stroke (5.7%). The prevalence of diabetes was 3.7% including 0.7% newly diagnosed. Factors associated with diabetes were advanced age over 60 (ORaj =10.6 95% CI [1.32-232]) and family history of diabetes (ORaj =10.6 95% CI 8 .77 [1.16-65.7]). On arterial hypertension, the prevalence was 47.7% of which 16.3% were newly diagnosed. It was associated with age and areas of overweight-obesity. Subjects aged 40 to 59 had a 4.1 ORaj (95% CI [1.9-9.3]) times greater risk of being hypertensive and this risk increases with age and people aged 60 and over had a risk of 5.6 ORaj (95% CI [2.37-13.9]). Overweight and obese people with a BMI greater than 25 Kg/m2 were 2.6 ORaj (95% CI [1.25-5.76]) times more at risk of being hypertensive Overweight was noted in 10.7% and obesity in 3.7%. They were mainly associated with age with people aged 25-39 being 7.5 (95% CI [2.35-33.9]) more at risk than young people aged 18-25. CONCLUSION The increasing development of major cardiovascular risk factors should lead health authorities to give crucial importance to the fight against the burden of non-communicable diseases in the context of epidemiological transition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…, 19.5% in Ethiopia in 2016(47), to 30.3% in Uganda and 2015 (48), to 38.9% in South Africa in 2016(49). It should be noted in Cameroon the study by Dzudie, A et al had similar results with a prevalence of 47.5%(50) …”

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confidence: 73%

Major cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity in the municipality of Niakhene in 2020 in Senegal

Diallo,

Bassoum,

Sow

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Results of the current study are supported by several studies from LMICs suggesting individuals from the affluent communities at an increased risk of hypertension compared to those from resource poor settings [ 52 , 55 – 57 ]. Based on the Popkin’s framework [ 58 ], like other LMICs, Nepal could be in the later stage of the nutritional and epidemiological transition characterized by increased accessibility and affordability of fats and refined food, increased intake of sugars and salts, sedentary behaviors, and higher prevalence of overweight and obesity [ 43 , 55 , 59 – 61 ]. These characteristics are particularly common in the affluent societies in LMICs [ 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the place of residence influence your risk of being hypertensive? A study-based on Nepal Demographic and Health Survey

et al. 2023

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Even though several studies have examined various risk factors for hypertension, residential influence is poorly explored especially in the low-income countries. We aim to investigate the association between residential characteristics and hypertension in resource limited and transitional settings like Nepal. A total of 14,652 individuals aged 15 and above were selected from 2016-Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Individuals with blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or a history of hypertension (as identified by physicians/health professionals) or under antihypertensive medication were defined as hypertensive. Residential characteristics were represented by area level deprivation index, with a higher score representing higher level of deprivation. Association was explored using a two-level logistic regression. We also assessed if residential area modifies the association between individual socio-economic status and hypertension. Area deprivation had a significant inverse association with the risk of hypertension. Individuals from the least deprived areas had higher odds of hypertension compared to highly deprived areas 1.59 (95% CI 1.30, 1.89). Additionally, the association between literacy a proxy of socio-economic status and hypertension varied with a place of residence. Literate individuals from highly deprived areas were likely to have a higher odds of hypertension compared to those with no formal education. In contrast, literate from the least deprived areas had lower odds of hypertension. These results identify counterintuitive patterns of associations between residential characteristics and hypertension in Nepal, as compared with most of the epidemiological data from high-income countries. Differential stages of demographic and nutritional transitions between and within the countries might explain these associations.

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“…The Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) reported that more than 18 lakh people, or almost 20% of the total population, reside in slums ( 20 ). Over 8.84 million people call the slums of Dhaka Division their home.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 8.84 million people call the slums of Dhaka Division their home. On the other hand, a total of 40 lakhs ( 20 , 21 ) is the estimate provided by several non-governmental groups. The appalling living conditions in the slums pose serious threats to the physical and mental health of the majority of the inhabitants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unplanned urbanization and health risks of Dhaka City in Bangladesh: uncovering the associations between urban environment and public health

Rahaman,

Kalam,

Al-Mamun

2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundDhaka City, the capital of Bangladesh, has experienced rapid and unplanned urbanization over the past few decades. This process has brought significant challenges to public health as the urban environment has become a breeding ground for various health risks. Understanding the associations between unplanned urbanization, the urban environment, and public health in Dhaka City is crucial for developing effective interventions and policies.ObjectivesThis review paper aims to uncover the associations between unplanned urbanization and health risks in Dhaka City, with a specific focus on the urban environment and its impact on public health. The objectives of this study are to examine the health challenges faced by the city’s population, explore the specific urban environmental factors contributing to health risks, analyze the socioeconomic determinants of health in unplanned urban areas, evaluate existing policies and governance structures, identify research and data gaps, and provide recommendations for future interventions.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather relevant studies, articles, reports, and policy documents related to unplanned urbanization, the urban environment, and public health in Dhaka City. Various databases and online resources were searched, and the selected literature was critically analyzed to extract key findings and insights.ResultsThe findings reveal that unplanned urbanization in Dhaka City has led to a range of public health risks, including air pollution, inadequate water and sanitation, poor waste management, overcrowding, slums, and substandard housing conditions. These environmental factors are strongly associated with respiratory diseases, waterborne illnesses, and other adverse health outcomes. Socioeconomic determinants such as poverty, income inequality, and limited access to healthcare further exacerbate the health risks faced by the urban population.ConclusionUnplanned urbanization in Dhaka City has significant implications for public health. Addressing the associations between unplanned urbanization, the urban environment, and public health requires comprehensive policies and interventions. Improved urban planning, enhanced infrastructure, and better policy governance are essential for mitigating health risks. Furthermore, addressing socioeconomic disparities and ensuring equitable access to healthcare services are crucial components of effective interventions.

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Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh: findings from SHASTO baseline survey

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

Major cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity in the municipality of Niakhene in 2020 in Senegal

Major cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity in the municipality of Niakhene in 2020 in Senegal

Does the place of residence influence your risk of being hypertensive? A study-based on Nepal Demographic and Health Survey

Unplanned urbanization and health risks of Dhaka City in Bangladesh: uncovering the associations between urban environment and public health

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