Prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Objective We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a large HIV treatment facility in Jakarta, Indonesia, and to assess associated factors. Methods The Indonesian version of Beck Depression Inventory‐II was used to assess depressive symptoms of 346 participants visiting the HIV Integrated Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital between June and November 2018. Results Depressive symptoms (BDI‐II score ≥14) were exhibited by 50.9% of participants, with prevalences of mild, moderate and severe depression of 30.4%, 15.6% and 4.9%, respectively. Poisson regression with robust variance analysis indicated that having lower income (aPR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.63), duration of ART for 1–5 years (aPR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.54) and same‐sex partnership (aPR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.58) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Age, sex and history of using intravenous drugs, and ART‐based regimen were not associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions Depressive symptoms were common among our population despite long‐term ART use and were associated with having low‐income, ART for 1–5 years and same‐sex partnership.

Depression among People Living With HIV/AIDS Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

“… 19 Likewise in a study done in Indonesia in 2018, depressive symptoms were exhibited by 50.9% of participants. 20 …”

“…19 Likewise in a study done in Indonesia in 2018, depressive symptoms were exhibited by 50.9% of participants. 20 Wide variation in the prevalence of depression among PLHIV under ART has been observed across studies in various parts of the world. A multitude of factors could be contributing to the variations in the prevalence of depression among participants.…”