Prevalence and associated factors for temporomandibular disorders in a group of Mexican adolescents and youth adults

Abstract

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a university sample of Campeche, Mexico. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 506 subjects aged 14-25 years. The subjects were requested to answer questionnaires concerning sociodemographic variables, history of stress, lifestyle, and anxiety. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) was used as TMD diagnostic system by four examiners capacitated and standardized. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression in STATA. The results showed that 46.1% of the subjects exhibited some grade of TMD. Logistic regression analysis with TMD as the dependent variable identified sex (women odds ratio [OR]=1.7), bruxism (OR=1.5), anxiety (OR=1.6), unilateral chewing (OR=1.5), and an interaction between number of tooth loss and stress as the most significant associated variables, thus (1) the effect of having high levels of stress in the group of subjects without tooth loss (OR=1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.7-1.8) and (2) the effect of having high levels of stress in the group of subjects with at least one tooth lost (OR=2.4; 95% CI=1.01-5.9). The variables associated with diagnosis of pain were principally psychosocial (stress and anxiety), whereas for the non-pain diagnosis group, the variables were clinical, such as bruxism, chewing site preference, and restorations in mouth. We found associations among variables that were similar to findings in other studies, such as bruxism, tooth loss, stress, and anxiety. The final model explains that the effect of stress on TMD depends of the tooth loss, controlling for sex, bruxism, unilateral chewing, and anxiety. Finally, it can be concluded that the variables associated with pain and non-pain diagnosis were of distinct nature.

Dyssomnias and Parasomnias in Early Childhood

“…Anxiety in general has been reported to be a factor that is associated with sleep bruxism in adolescents and adults. 25,26 …”

Parafunctional habits are associated cumulatively to painful temporomandibular disorders in adolescents

“…4,5 Among the factors involved in painful TMD pathogenesis, the role of sleep bruxism, awake bruxism, and parafunctional habits has been studied extensively in the adult population, 6 whereas there are few studies on this issue in the pediatric population. 7,8,9 In regard to sleep bruxism and awake bruxism, a recent international expert consensus suggested that there must be a clear differentiation between the two. 10 Sleep bruxism is classified as a sleep-related movement disorder, and defined as an oral activity characterized by grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep, usually associated with sleep arousal.…”

Assessment of sleep quality in adolescents with temporomandibular disorders

“…Neste estudo, pelo menos um tipo de DTM foi observado em 35,5% dos participantes. Outros estudos que avaliaram a prevalência de DTMs em populações de adolescentes encontraram resultados com valores diferentes 2,4 . Entretanto, todos os autores evidenciam um dado em comum: a alta prevalência das DTMs, o que demonstra a necessidade de pesquisá-las em adolescentes.…”

“…As adolescentes têm 2,73 vezes mais chance de apresentar DTMs do que adolescentes do gênero masculino, achado concordante com resultados de outras investigações 2,4 . Essa incidência maior explica-se pelas diferenças estruturais presentes nas ATMs das mulheres 2 .…”

“…Maloclusão, hábitos parafuncionais e alterações psicossociais 2 , em indivíduos com baixa tolerância fisiológi-ca, podem levar à hiperatividade muscular mastigatória e, consequentemente, às DTMs. Essa tolerância 1 é influenciada pelo estado geral de saúde, nutrição e qualidade do sono.…”