Prevalence and associated factors for workplace violence among general practitioners in China: a national cross-sectional study

Feng, Jing; Lei, Zihui; Yan, Shijiao; Jiang, Heng; Shen, Xin; Zheng, Yichen; Yu, Minyi; Meng, Xin; Di, Hongkun; Xia, Wenfang; Zhou, Ying; Yang, Tingting; Cheng, Shijie; Cheng, Fanjun; Lu, Zuxun; Gan, Yong

doi:10.1186/s12960-022-00736-x

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, medical staff have high work pressure, frequent interpersonal contact, irregular work and rest, and high occupational risk, thus becoming a high-risk group exposed to occupational stress. A survey of 3236 general practitioners in China showed that 313 (9.67%) had low occupational stress, 1028 (31.77%) had medium occupational stress, and 1895 (58.56%) had high occupational stress [ 13 ]. A survey of 256 dentists in Shaanxi Province of China showed that 34.4% of dentists had occupational stress [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Status of Occupational Stress and Its Influence on the Health of Medical Staff in Lanzhou, China

Zhu

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study aimed to understand the status quo of occupational stress and its impact on the health of medical staff and provide a theoretical basis for relieving occupational stress and improving the health status of medical staff. The occupational stress and health status of medical staff in 14 hospitals in Lanzhou were studied using a general questionnaire, Effort–Reward Imbalance questionnaire, and Self-Rated Health Measurement Scale. A total of 2169 participants were included in the analysis, and 59.4% of the medical staff experienced occupational stress. The results of the occupational stress survey showed that the prevalence of occupational stress among medical staff aged 40–50, with a master’s degree or above, senior professional title, working for 10–20 years, and working more than 48 h per week was higher than in the other groups. The health survey results showed that, compared with other groups, the scores of physical, mental, and social health were lower in medical staff with working years of 10–20 years and working hours of more than 48 h per week. The results show that working years and working hours per week affect not only the level of occupational stress but also physiological, psychological, and social health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Status of Occupational Stress and Its Influence on the Health of Medical Staff in Lanzhou, China

Zhu

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The modulating role of job satisfaction [ 38 ] David Pina et al (2022) Cross-sectional Spain 574 Respondents: Medical staff, nursing staff, support personnel (80.60% response rate) Self-administered survey Validated questionnaire consisting of four sections: Socio-demographic details, HABS–U-PHC, OJS, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MSI-GS) 22. Prevalence and associated factors for workplace violence among general practitioners in China: A national cross-sectional study [ 39 ] Feng et al (2022) Cross-sectional China 4376 GPs (95% response rate) Self-administered survey Chinese version of the Workplace Violence Scale developed by Wang et al 2006 23. Physician–nurse conflict resolution styles in primary health care [ 40 ] Delak and Širok (2018) Cross-sectional Slovenia 298 Respondents: 173 nurses, 125 physicians (49% response rate) Self-administered survey Thomas–Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several socio-demographic factors were identified as predictors of WPV. Male gender and female gender were associated with risk of physical violence [ 21 – 23 ] and non-physical violence [ 12 , 19 , 24 , 32 , 35 , 39 ], respectively. Nevertheless, a specific form of non-physical violence, such as coercion, was also reported less frequently among women [ 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified the role of the local community, where WPV was prevalent among HCWs who served at PHC facilities in drug trafficking areas [ 27 ] and that were surrounded by a population of lower socio-economic status [ 28 ]. Furthermore, WPV was increased in clinics in urban and larger districts, which have a lower HCW density per a given population compared to the national threshold of human resource requirement [ 29 , 32 , 39 ], whereas WPV reduced in rural areas, where medical service was perceived more accessible due to lower population density [ 39 ] (Table 3 ). Workplace factors …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contemporary evidence of workplace violence against the primary healthcare workforce worldwide: a systematic review

Yusoff,

Ahmad,

Ismail

et al. 2023

Hum Resour Health

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Violence against healthcare workers recently became a growing public health concern and has been intensively investigated, particularly in the tertiary setting. Nevertheless, little is known of workplace violence against healthcare workers in the primary setting. Given the nature of primary healthcare, which delivers essential healthcare services to the community, many primary healthcare workers are vulnerable to violent events. Since the Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978, the number of epidemiological studies on workplace violence against primary healthcare workers has increased globally. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review summarising the significant results from previous studies has not been published. Thus, this systematic review was conducted to collect and analyse recent evidence from previous workplace violence studies in primary healthcare settings. Eligible articles published in 2013–2023 were searched from the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed literature databases. Of 23 included studies, 16 were quantitative, four were qualitative, and three were mixed method. The extracted information was analysed and grouped into four main themes: prevalence and typology, predisposing factors, implications, and coping mechanisms or preventive measures. The prevalence of violence ranged from 45.6% to 90%. The most commonly reported form of violence was verbal abuse (46.9–90.3%), while the least commonly reported was sexual assault (2–17%). Most primary healthcare workers were at higher risk of patient- and family-perpetrated violence (Type II). Three sub-themes of predisposing factors were identified: individual factors (victims’ and perpetrators’ characteristics), community or geographical factors, and workplace factors. There were considerable negative consequences of violence on both the victims and organisations. Under-reporting remained the key issue, which was mainly due to the negative perception of the effectiveness of existing workplace policies for managing violence. Workplace violence is a complex issue that indicates a need for more serious consideration of a resolution on par with that in other healthcare settings. Several research gaps and limitations require additional rigorous analytical and interventional research. Information pertaining to violent events must be comprehensively collected to delineate the complete scope of the issue and formulate prevention strategies based on potentially modifiable risk factors to minimise the negative implications caused by workplace violence.

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“…Previous studies evaluating workplace aggression have shown that 7-82.9% of HWs are targets of violence (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). In China, the prevalence of WPV among HWs ranges from 14.26-69.24% (12)(13)(14)(15). However, there are still gaps in the mid-term and long-term descriptions of WPV in healthcare, especially with reference to the effectiveness of midterm and long-term WPV interventions (16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-violence measures developed by ILO and WHO: Analysis of the prevalence of workplace violence and the effects of implementation in a general hospital in China

Luo

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveWorkplace violence (WPV) not only affects workers' physical and mental health but also increases turnover rates and social costs. There are no studies that have consistently followed the prevalence of WPV and the effectiveness of anti-violence measures in cross-sectional studies of the same hospital. The main aim of this study was to understand the prevalence of WPV among medical staff in a hospital in China and the effectiveness of implemented anti-violence measures.MethodsA cross-sectional survey, which was conducted by using a questionnaire developed by the International Labor Organization and the World Health Organization, was administered in a tertiary hospital in China in 2022 to investigate the occurrence of violence in the past year. Valid data were collected from 1,195 respondents via cell phone. WPV was compared between this survey and a baseline survey conducted at the same hospital in 2017 using the same questionnaire. The relationship between years and gender and occupation was explored using the Cochran–Armitage trend test. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to respond to the effects of the anti-violence interventions.ResultsAfter the implementation of anti-violence measures, the prevalence of WPV decreased from 48.47 in 2017 to 33.95% in 2021. The recognition of safety measures increased from 80.16 in 2017 to 87.70% in 2021(P < 0.001), improvement of the work environment increased from 56.57 in 2017 to 65.10% in 2021(P < 0.001), restricted of public access increased from 34.36 in 2017 to 55.60% in 2021(P < 0.001), the patient protocols increased from 37.42 in 2017 to 38.40% in 2021, patient screening increased from 32.11 in 2017 to 41.90% in 2021(P < 0.001), and strict restrictions on workplace cash activities from 29.65% in 2017 to 36.00% in 2021(P < 0.05). The percentage of health workers who felt that anti-violence measures were not at all helpful to their current work decreased from 2017 to 2021.ConclusionsThe prevalence of workplace violence has decreased, recognition of interventions has increased, and the proportion of interventions that are perceived by HWs as not helpful at all has decreased. This study demonstrates that the 12 anti-violence measures recommended by the International Labor Organization are applicable in China. Based on this, hospitals should focus on the improvement of the intervention effect of the following measures to further prevent violence.

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Prevalence and associated factors for workplace violence among general practitioners in China: a national cross-sectional study

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

The Status of Occupational Stress and Its Influence on the Health of Medical Staff in Lanzhou, China

The Status of Occupational Stress and Its Influence on the Health of Medical Staff in Lanzhou, China

Contemporary evidence of workplace violence against the primary healthcare workforce worldwide: a systematic review

Anti-violence measures developed by ILO and WHO: Analysis of the prevalence of workplace violence and the effects of implementation in a general hospital in China

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