Prevalence and associated factor of Campylobacter species among less than 5-year-old children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Despite the significant reductions in under-five mortality, campylobacteriosis has emerged as one of the most common causative agents of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of Campylobacter species and associated risk factors among children less than 5 years of age in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence and determinants of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia were included. Two authors independently extracted data and analyzed them using STATA Version 13 statistical software. A random-effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence and the associations between determinant factors and campylobacteriosis. Results Out of 166 papers reviewed, 8 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of Campylobacter species among children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia was 10% (95% CI: 7, 13). Contact with domestic animals (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.0, 5.1), illiterate mothers (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.8), consumption of animal products (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.7, 4.5), and status of mothers’ personal hygiene (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.7, 1.8) were significantly associated with the prevalence of Campylobacter species. Conclusion In our study, Campylobacter species among children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia were significantly high. Contact with domestic animals, illiterate mothers and consumption of animal products were significantly associated with prevalence of Campylobacter species

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Humans and Food-Producing Animals in West Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…West Africa has just four published articles on Campylobacter infection in children under 5 years of age. Surprisingly, these studies recorded a pooled prevalence of 4%, lower than the 10% reported in a summary of results from Ethiopia [57]. The lower Campylobacter prevalence observed in children might be because most of the included studies were conducted in healthy (non-diarrhea) subjects.…”

Prevalence, determinants, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter infection among under-five children with diarrhea at Governmental Hospitals in Hawassa city, Sidama, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study

“…Campylobacter spp. can be found in the reproductive organs, intestinal tracts, and oral cavity of animals and humans, and the bacterium has increased extremely; and at present, it consists of 17 species and 6 subspecies, many of which might be associated with human disease [ 2 ].…”

Clinical manifestations and risk factors of campylobacter gastroenteritis in children in Taiwan

“…Diriba, K. et al. reported that an illiterate mother was a significant risk factor for campylobacteriosis [ 17 ]. However, Bhattarai, V. et al.…”

“…A meta-analysis conducted in children under five years old showed that contact with domestic animals and consumption of animal products significantly increased the risk of Campylobacter infection. The study also identified illiterate mothers and mothers with poor personal hygiene as risk factors [ 17 ].…”