Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of Salmonella Isolated from Poultry Products Sold in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry meat and products presents a serious global public health problem. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the isolation rate of Salmonella species in eggs and chicken meat randomly sampled from some selected retail outlets in Sokoto metropolis, and to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates. Bacteriological culture and biochemical characterization, followed by the antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method were employed. Out of the 300 samples comprising 150 eggs, and 150 chicken meat samples analyzed, 20 (13.3 %) were positive for Salmonella among chicken meat, while 11 (7.33 %) were positive among the egg samples. Based on the sampling locations, the frequency of isolation of Salmonella was highest in Sokoto south and Wamakko areas with 17.5 % each for the chicken meat, while Sokoto south area with 10.0 % had the highest among the egg samples. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test showed 15 isolates (75 %) for chicken meat being 93.3 %, 86.7 %, 60.0 % and 60.0 % resistant to penicillin, oxytetracycline, Sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and erythromycin respectively, while all 11 (100 %) isolates from egg swab culture showed resistance to one or more of the antimicrobials tested. However, a high proportion of isolates were susceptible to neomycin (93.3 %). The Salmonella isolates also exhibited multidrug-resistance against four of the antimicrobials tested that included erythromycins, Sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, penicillin, and oxytetracycline. It could be suggested that the rational use of antibiotics needs to be adopted in commercial poultry farming system of Sokoto to curtail the spread of these drug-resistant pathogens and its concomitant hazard to human health.

Genetic characterization of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. from humans and poultry in Nigeria

“…The lower level of hygiene in developing countries compared to developed countries facilitates inter-host transmission of bacteria. Previous reports have indicated that contaminated poultry products are a significant source for acquisition of resistant bacteria due to hand contamination and cross-contamination during meal preparation [8, 33, 34].…”

Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry farms in Abakaliki, Nigeria

“…A study by Sohail et al (2021) showed that Salmonella isolates had high levels of resistance against ciprofloxacin, ampicillin cefotaxime, ceftazidime, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in poultry. Musawa et al (2021) reported the presence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains in poultry highly resistant to penicillin and oxytetracycline. This study showed that the average multiple antibiotic resistance indexes (MARI) of multidrug-resistant Salmonella species isolated from the poultry farms were 0.51.…”

Prevalence and Antibiogram of Clostridium perfringens in Small Ruminants of District Kalat, Balochistan

“…Rectal swabs were collected aseptically from sheep and goats (n= 50 each) showing diarrhea or loose stool, stomach pain characterized by kicking their belly or repeated laying down and getting up, panting and crying. The samples collected in sterile polyethylene sachets and brought to Center for Advanced Studies and Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta for isolation and identification of Clostridium perfringens using standard bacteriological techniques (Musawa et al, 2021). In brief, PBS diluted (1:10) samples were cultured onto reinforced clostridial media (RCM) and incubated anaerobically at 37  C for 24 h. After primary identification based on colony characteristics and Gram staining, the isolates were confirmed by biochemical characterization as stated earlier (Mohiuddin et al, 2020).…”