Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella among acute diarrheal outpatients in Mekelle hospital, Northern Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundEmergence of increased antimicrobial resistance of Shigella species is a global challenge, particularly in developing countries where increased misuse of antimicrobial agents occurs. There is no published data in the study area on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella among acute diarrheal patients. This study was therefore, under taken to fill this gap.MethodsUsing cross sectional study method, stool specimens were collected from 216 patients with acute diarrhea at Mekelle Hospital from August to November 2014. Standard bacteriological methods were used to isolate and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.ResultsOut of the total 216 participants, Shigella was isolated from 15 (6.9 %) of the participants. Ten (66.7 %) of the positive isolates were from children <15 years (p = 0.005). Latrine availability, source of drinking water and hand washing habits before meal were statistically significant with shigellosis (p < 0.05). Isolates of Shigella showed 100, 86.7 and 66.7 % resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole respectively. Low levels of resistance were observed for norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin (6.7 % each). Overall, 80 % of the isolates showed multidrug resistance.ConclusionShigella isolates were highly resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole. However, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were effective. Antibiotic surveillance is needed to prevent further emergence of drug resistant Shigella strains. More has to be done in the availability of latrine, supply of safe drinking water to the community to reduce the disease burden.

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella infections among under five children in Arba Minch, South Ethiopia

“…In addition to this, the result of this study was in line with the study conducted in Nepal [ 18 ], Turkey [ 19 ] and Nairobi [ 20 ] where 4.6, 3.2, and 2.5%, respectively. Our study has lower prevalence of Shigella compared to the study conducted in Bahir Dar [ 21 ], Mekelle [ 22 ], Anyigba [ 23 ] and Gaborone [ 24 ] with prevalence of 7.85, 13.3, 21.9 and 21% respectively. In contrast, the study conducted in Nigeria–Benin Teaching Hospital, is lower than our finding (1.4%) [ 25 ].…”

The burden of Shigella and Salmonella, Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Diarrheic Children visited Alamura Health Center Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

“…This may be due to those strains moderately susceptible for tetracycline at a certain corner of the country. Our result also indicated that 52.4% resistance was seen against co-trimoxazole and this was comparable with a study done in Hawassa 56.0% (43), Addis Ababa 45.7% (53) and Mekelle 55.6% (42). Inconstant to our nding higher result reported from Gonder 73.4% (49).…”

“…This may be due to widespread resistance strain throughout the countries. Another antibiotic resistance of Shigella spp was seen against tetracycline 71.4% and this was comparable with ndings reported from Harar 70.6% (41), Jimma 63.6% (33) and Mekelle 77.8% (42). The result was slightly lower than the study reported from Butajira 82.4% (45), Gondar 86% (52) & 86% (49), Hawassa 90% (34).…”

“…42.7%(21), Mozambique 27.2%(22), Ethiopia 22.3% (23) and 22.2%(24). It is comparable with a study reported from Ethiopia 9.0% (25) and 8.3% (6).…”

Impact of introduction of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria on antibiotic prescribing: analysis of observational and randomised studies in public and private healthcare settings

“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Similarly, monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is not conducted in most lower and middle income countries, but available data do show clinically relevant resistance in many common bacterial pathogens. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] The ACT Consortium (www.actconsortium.org) included several studies that evaluated the potential of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria to improve case management for patients with undifferentiated fever in malaria endemic areas. Data from these studies, conducted in multiple geographical, epidemiological, and health system settings, provide the largest and most varied sample to date to assess whether changes in antimalarial prescribing behaviour are associated with shifts in antibiotic prescrib-ing.…”