Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infections of Bacterial and Parasitic Origins among University Students in Redemption Camp, Ogun State, Nigeria

Abstract

Asymptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) of bacterial and parasitic origins occur in both males and females where bacteria and/or parasites are present in the urine, with the absence of clinical signs or symptoms in the host. Using microbiological methods, mid-stream urine collected from sixty (60) Redeemer's University students comprising apparently healthy 30 male and 30 female undergraduate students were examined. The samples were cultured on CLED and MacConkey agar. Bacteriuria was observed in 15 (25%) of the samples while there was no significant growth in 34 (56.7%), and no growth in 11 (18.3%). Prevalence of significant bacteriuria was higher in females 11 (73.3%) than males 4 (26.7%). The bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp, and Klebsiella spp. The isolates were resistant to amoxycillin, augumentin and cotrimoxazole but most were highly susceptible to ofloxacin. Schistosoma haematobium and Trichomonas vaginalis were the two asymptomatic UTI-causing parasites isolated from the samples used in this study. Out of the 30 males examined using the microscopy method, 1 (1.67%) had T. vaginalis while the females had higher prevalence of 2 (3.33%) out of 30 females examined. Out of the overall participants examined for S. haematobium eggs, 15 (25%) had Schistosomiasis in which the males had higher prevalence of 10 (33.33%) while the females had 5 (16.67%). These results are lower than those observed in similar rural communities in Nigeria possibly due to effective health education, availability of potable water, higher-than average income and hygienic practices on Redemption Camp,

Correlation of Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens, Antibiogram and Age Group in Pregnant Women

“…E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and S. faecalis also showed a resistance pattern >50% for most of drug used as first line of treatment. This is consistent with other study [9]. Ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid revealed 85.7-100.0% and 73.6-100.0% activity range respectively.…”

“…Many studies reported the significance of UTI during pregnancy although pregnancy does not cause UTI [3][4][5][6], however, the complexity of urinary tract system and changes during pregnancy account for susceptibility to infection [3][4][5]7,8] Urinary tract infections have been reported in all age groups and can occur in both sexes [2,9] and pregnant women are not an exception [5,6]. UTI is a serious health problem worldwide affecting millions of people each year and the leading cause of Gram-negative bacteria [9,10].…”

“…Many studies reported the significance of UTI during pregnancy although pregnancy does not cause UTI [3][4][5][6], however, the complexity of urinary tract system and changes during pregnancy account for susceptibility to infection [3][4][5]7,8] Urinary tract infections have been reported in all age groups and can occur in both sexes [2,9] and pregnant women are not an exception [5,6]. UTI is a serious health problem worldwide affecting millions of people each year and the leading cause of Gram-negative bacteria [9,10]. Over eight million cases of UTI annually were reported and more than one million were hospitalized, for an overall annual cost more than $1 billion [10][11][12], classifying hospital and antenatal clinic in the lead as source of UTI pathogens [2,13] and responsible for 35% of the cases where bacteraemia was the most common cause in hospitalized patients [14][15][16] Diagnosis of UTI causing organism is the major work load in medical laboratories where Escherichia coli reveal the highest predominate rate although, other reports showed that the causative organism of UTI is changing over the year and other microorganism were responsible for infection [13,14].…”

Antibiogram Study for Some Microbial Isolates from Al-Khoms Teaching Hospital, Libya

“…E.coli showed resistant to all drugs used except Augumentin, Gentamycin and Vancomycin. This is consistent with other study (Ayoade, 2014). The average resistance of the isolates to all the antibiotics of gram positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus) was higher than the gram negative bacilli (E.coli, Kl.pneumoniae and Pseudomonas auruginosae).…”

Microbiological profile of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy

“…38 Study done by Ayoade et alfrom Nigeria, showed that all the isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin, Augumentin and Cotrimoxazole but most of the isolates were assessed to be highly susceptible to Ofloxacin. 39 Three antibiotics namely Ofloxacin, Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin were found to be most effective for Gram negative bacteria while Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol and Cotrimoxazole were effective for Gram positive bacteria. A study by Amete Mihret Teshale et al from Ethiopia, Nitrofurantoin, Clindamycin and Ciprofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics for Gram positive isolates with less efficacy of Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim for this bacteria.…”