Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterotoxigenic extra-intestinal Bacteroides fragilis among 13-year collection of isolates in Kuwait

Abstract

Background: Some strains of Bacteroides fragilis species are associated with diarrhea as a result of enterotoxin production (bft or fragilysin). Fragilysin is activated by C11 protease (fpn) and together with C10 protease (bfp) play a significant role in its invasiveness. The objectives of this study were to investigate the proportion of clinical isolates from extra-intestinal sources that are toxin producers and characterize the genes mediating toxin production. Clinical isolates submitted to our reference laboratory over the last 13 years were screened for toxin production using PCR technique. All stool isolates were excluded. The isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 8 antimicrobial agents by E test. Carbapenem resistance gene cfiA was detected by PCR. Results: A total of 421 B. fragilis isolates were viable. Out of these, bft was detected in 210 (49.9%) isolates. Of the 210 bft-positive isolates, 171 (81.4%), 33 (15.7%) and 6 (2.8%) harbored bft-1, bft-2, and bft-3 genes, respectively. Twenty (9.5%) of the bft-positive strains originated from bloodstream infections. Twenty-five, 20 and 9 strains harbored bfp-1, bfp-2 and bfp-3 gene, respectively. Two, 3, 4 bfp isotypes were detected simultaneously in some of strains. The resistance rates against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was 32%, clindamycin 62%, cefoxitin 26%, imipenem 11%, meropenem 17%, metronidazole 4%, piperacillin 61% and tigecycline 14%. A chromosomally located cfiA gene that encode metallo-β-lactamase was identified in only 34 isolates (16.2%). Conclusions: The prevalence of enterotoxin-producing B. fragilis was high among the extra-intestinal isolates. Metronidazole was the most active agent against all isolates. There was no statistically significance difference between resistance rates among bft-positive and bft-negative isolates except for clindamycin.

Prevalence of anaerobic bacteria in surgical site infections in Lagos University Teaching Hospital

“…[ 15 22 ] The anaerobes isolated were all sensitive to the following antibiotics tested: amoxicillin clavulanate, clindamycin, metronidazole, piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem. These findings are in line with those of Kings et al [ 23 ] whose test isolates (>1000 isolates) were all sensitive to metronidazole; Jamal et al [ 24 ] and Glupczynski et al . [ 25 ] The sensitivity pattern of the anaerobes isolated in this study may not be a good representation of the anaerobic antibiogram because of the small number of isolated anaerobes.…”

Phenotypic and Genotypic Correlation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis: Lessons Learnt

“…In this study, 15% of B. fragilis were resistant to meropenem. Similar results have been reported by Jamal et al and Wang et al, where they found 17% and 19% resistance, respectively [ 26 , 27 ], while Wybo et al reported slightly reduced resistance rates [ 28 ] at 10%. Contrary to this, Vishwanath et al [ 17 ] reported nearly complete absence of resistance for meropenem.…”

Analysis of Bacteroides fragilis Clinical Strains Isolated in Kazakhstan

“… Bacteroides fragilis is a commensal bacterium that is found in the intestines of most people and that can become an opportunistic pathogen. Amounting to only about 0.1 to 0.5% of the total bacterial mass of the intestine, B. fragilis is the most frequently isolated anaerobe from clinical samples obtained from deep intra-abdominal abscesses, purulent skin infections, soft tissue infections ( 1 , 2 ), diarrhea, and colorectal cancer ( 3 ).…”