Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in diarrheic buffalo calves

Abstract

Aim:Aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, virulence gene profiles, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in diarrheic buffalo calves from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana States.Materials and Methods:A total of 375 fecal samples from diarrheic buffalo calves of 1-7, 8-30, 31-60, and 61-90 days age were collected from which STEC were isolated, and virulence genes were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial resistance of isolates was tested by disk diffusion method.Results:The prevalence of E. coli associated diarrhea in buffalo calves was 85.04%, of which 35.01% was STEC origin. In STEC, the combination of eaeA and, hlyA virulence genes was highest (42.45%) followed by stx1 (16.04%), stx1, stx2 and hlyA (13.21%), stx2 (12.64%), stx1, eae and hlyA (9.43%) and stx1 and hlyA (6.6%) genes were detected. Highest antimicrobial resistance was observed for tetracycline (63.21%) and ampicillin (48.11%), while chloramphenicol, gentamycin (96.33%) and imipenem (99.06%) antibiotics are susceptible. Multidrug resistance was detected in 69.81% of the STEC isolates from diarrheic buffalo calves.Conclusion:Higher prevalence of eaeA and hlyA genes carrying isolates of STEC may be a serious zoonotic threat and increased prevalence of multidrug resistance in E. coli may necessitate stringent selection of appropriate antimicrobial agent in treating buffalo calf diarrhea cases.

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Substantial Virulence-Associated Genes of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Colibacillosis in Neonatal Calves in Egypt

“…The high resistances of E. coli isolates to tetracycline in our study were previously supported by many authors (Schroeder et al, 2002;Rigobelo et al, 2006;Alberto et al, 2011 andHang et al, 2019). However, higher resistance to streptomycin, gentamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and neomycin in our study was in contrary to other reports by (Wani et al, 2013;Rehman et al, 2014 andSrivani et al, 2017), that reported STEC isolates from diarrheic calves showed high susceptibility to gentamycin and chloramphenicol. The high incidence of resistant or multi-resistant E. coli isolates in the present work may be attributed to that the wide and haphazard using of antimicrobials in animals for treatment, prevention, and control of infectious diseases, and as growth promoters for potential livestock production (Marshall and Levy, 2011).…”

“…Other studies have supported our result recorded by (Pereira et al, 2011 andShahrani et al, 2014) they showed that all isolates of E. coli exhibited high susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and cefepime and resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. However, (Srivani et al, 2017) reported high antimicrobial resistance of STEC strains isolated from diarrheic calves to tetracycline (63.21%) and susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamycin (96.33%) and imipenem (99.06%) in addition to 69.81% of these strains expresses multidrug resistance. Furthermore, (Hang et al, 2019) found that tetracycline was detected as the most resistant antibiotic by E. coli strains followed by sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin.…”

“…However, several evidence pointed out a correlation between phenotypic resistance and virulence determinant genes (Orden et al, 2000;Rasko et al, 2008;Badri et al, 2009 andBonyadian et al, 2014) clarified that many of the E. coli strains showed multidrug resistance to several antimicrobial groups and thus enhanced more virulence to these strains, which may lead to complicate the treatment of some urinary tract and enteric infections in animals. Additionally, (Srivani et al, 2017) observed that 69.81% of shiga toxingenic E. coli serovars from diarrheic calves expressed multidrug resistance and serovars which carried hlyA and eaeA genes may possess a zoonotic threat and high prevalence of multidrug resistance. A similar finding in Brazil was conducted by (Rigobelo et al, 2006) who described that STEC isolates of diarrheic calves showed 100% multidrug resistance.…”

Genes Encoding the Virulence and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-toxigenic E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Calves

“…This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of STEC and ETEC incriminated in calf diarrhea, with special reference to the Shiga-toxins genes ( stx 1 and stx 2) and enterotoxins genes ( lt and sta ) that govern their pathogenesis, as well as the virulence genes; eae A and f 41, and the screening of their antimicrobial resistance profiles and antimicrobial resistance genes; aad B, sul 1, and bla- TEM. The overall prevalence of E. coli was 28.8%, which is lower than what was reported in diarrheic calves in Egypt (63.6%) [ 13 ], Ethiopia (36.8%) [ 14 ], Argentina (30.1%) [ 15 ] and India (85.04%) [ 16 ]; however, a lower prevalence was reported in other previous studies in Korea (22%) [ 17 ] and Switzerland (5.5%) [ 18 ]. Differences in the prevalence of E. coli may be due to the differences in geography, management practices, floor type, health conditions, and the calf’s age [ 2 , 13 , 15 ].…”

Antibiotic Resistance of Sorbitol Non-Fermenting Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Buffaloes

“…Treatment of different bacterial diseases by antimicrobials in a suboptimal or incomplete dose may develop antimicrobial resistance in animals. Recently in Bangladesh, a report has been published on STEC in buffalo calves with a prevalence of 11.01% (Gupta et al 2018) and another study in India with a prevalence of 35.01% (Srivani et al 2017). Limited number Cite This Article as: Mannan MS, Sabuj AAM, Ray MK, Rabbi F, Bupasha ZB and Sarker MS, 2021.…”