Prevalence and Antimicrobial-Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Swimming Pools and Hot Tubs

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen in recreational waters and the primary cause of hot tub folliculitis and otitis externa. The aim of this surveillance study was to determine the background prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of P. aeruginosa in swimming pools and hot tubs. A convenience sample of 108 samples was obtained from three hot tubs and eight indoor swimming pools. Water and swab samples were processed using membrane filtration, followed by confirmation with polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-three samples (21%) were positive for P. aeruginosa, and 23 isolates underwent susceptibility testing using the microdilution method. Resistance was noted to several antibiotic agents, including amikacin (intermediate), aztreonam, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem (intermediate), ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, tobramycin (intermediate), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The results of this surveillance study indicate that 96% of P. aeruginosa isolates tested from swimming pools and hot tubs were multidrug resistant. These results may have important implications for cystic fibrosis patients and other immune-suppressed individuals, for whom infection with multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa would have greater impact. Our results underlie the importance of rigorous facility maintenance, and provide prevalence data on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistant strains of this important recreational water-associated and nosocomial pathogen.

Antibiotic and metal resistance in a ST395 Pseudomonas aeruginosa environmental isolate: A genomics approach

“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa has intrinsic resistance to many antimicrobial agents including most penicillins, narrow-spectrum cephalosporins, cefotaxime, and also other compounds such as tetracycline and chloramphenicol, which in part explains the isolate's resistance phenotype obtained (Zhao and Hu, 2010;Lutz and Lee, 2011). However, E67 was found to have intermediate resistance to aztreonam, imipenem and meropenem, antibiotics which are considered to be clinically relevant antipseudomonal drugs (Magiorakos et al, 2012).…”

Antibiotic resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from aquaculture and abattoir environments in urban communities

“…All PCR assay was carried out using a Peltier-based thermal cycler (BioSeparation System, Shanxi, China) at the succeeding thermal cycler conditions: 95 °C for 1 min; 40 rounds of thermal denaturation at 95 °C for 15 s; primer annealing at 58 °C for 20 s; concluding extension at 68 °C for 40 s and holding temperature of 4 °C . P. aeruginosa primers used were pa722F (5'-GGCGTGGGTGTGGAAGTC-3') and pa899R (5'-TGGTGGCGATCT TGAACT TCTT-3') amplicon size of 199 bp [18]. Amplicons were electrophoresed with 1% agarose gel (Hispanagar, Spain) encompassing ethidium bromide 0.5 mg/L (Merck, SA) at 100 V for 1 h in 0.5 × tris-acetate-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid buffer (40 mmol/L tris-HCl, 20 mmol/L Na-acetate, 1 mmol/L ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, pH 8.5) and imagined under a UV transilluminator (EBOX VX5, Vilber Lourmat, France).…”

Screening of Class 1 and Class 2 Integrons in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Collected from Seven Hospitals in Turkey: A Multicenter Study

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