Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in raw milk in the selected areas of Poland

Wysok, Beata; Wiszniewska-Łaszczych, Agnieszka; Uradziński, J; Szteyn, J.

doi:10.2478/v10181-011-0070-3

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…39,40,60,89 In this study, 38 out of 284 (13.4%) of all milk samples were positive for Campylobacter spp., which corroborates findings reported in some countries, including Pakistan and Italy. 9,35,41 However, the prevalence of Campylobacter in milk in this study was higher in comparison with samples from Nigeria, Iran, Egypt, and Poland 27,69,73,94 and lower than that reported in China. 96 Therefore, the prevalence of Campylobacter in milk appears to vary between different countries.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…38,92 In addition, a Campylobacter prevalence of 41.7%, 10.2%, and 4.6% had been previously reported in raw bulk tank milk in Northern Italy, Pakistan, and Poland, respectively, while 6.25% of raw cow milk samples from retail stores were contaminated with Campylobacter in Iran. 9,41,69,94 Milk can be considered a re-emerging risk factor, because the consumption of unpasteurized raw milk and/or products made from raw milk is becoming more popular in most countries. 5,77 Taken together, these observations pose a particular concern for countries where milk is consumed raw on a regular basis or where no effort exists for prevention and control of carcass contamination.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofCampylobacterIsolated from Dressed Beef Carcasses and Raw Milk in Tanzania

Kashoma

Kassem

John

et al. 2016

Microbial Drug Resistance

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Campylobacter species are commonly transmitted to humans through consumption of contaminated foods such as milk and meat. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic determinants of resistance of Campylobacter isolated from raw milk and beef carcasses in Tanzania. The antimicrobial resistance genes tested included bla OXA-61 (ampicillin), aph-3-1 (aminoglycoside), tet(O) (tetracycline), and cmeB (multi-drug efflux pump). The prevalence of Campylobacter was 9.5% in beef carcasses and 13.4% in raw milk, respectively. Using multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we identified 58.1% of the isolates as Campylobacter jejuni, 30.7% as Campylobacter coli, and 9.7% as other Campylobacter spp. One isolate (1.6%) was positive for both C. jejuni and C. coli specific PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion assay and the broth microdilution method showed resistance to: ampicillin (63% and 94.1%), ciprofloxacin (9.3% and 11.8%), erythromycin (53.7% and 70.6%), gentamicin (0% and 15.7%), streptomycin (35.2% and 84.3%), and tetracycline (18.5% and 17.7%), respectively. Resistance to azithromycin (42.6%), nalidixic acid (64.8%), and chloramphenicol (13%) was determined using the disk diffusion assay only, while resistance to tylosin (90.2%) was quantified using the broth microdilution method. The bla OXA-61 (52.6% and 28.1%), cmeB (26.3% and 31.3%), tet(O) (26.3% and 31.3%), and aph-3-1 (5.3% and 3.0%) were detected in C. coli and C. jejuni. These findings highlight the extent of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter occurring in important foods in Tanzania. The potential risks to consumers emphasize the need for adequate control approaches, including the prudent use of antimicrobials to minimize the spread of antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofCampylobacterIsolated from Dressed Beef Carcasses and Raw Milk in Tanzania

Kashoma

Kassem

John

et al. 2016

Microbial Drug Resistance

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“…is in agreement with previous studies performed in Italy on raw milk sold for direct consumption, which ranged between 0 and 2.2% in different regions (Giacometti et al , 2012, 2013). The observed prevalence is also in agreement with other investigations performed in different countries (Desmasures et al , 1997; Dontorou et al , 2003; Meyer-Broseta et al , 2003; Oliver et al , 2005, 2009; Wysok et al , 2011). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Seasonal variability of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in raw milk sold by automatic vending machines in Lombardy

Losio¹,

Daminelli²,

Finazzi³

et al. 2016

Ital J Food Safety

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In temperate climates, a seasonal trend was observed in the incidence of human campylobacteriosis cases, with peaks reported in spring and autumn in some countries, or in summer in others; a similar trend was observed in Campylobacter spp. dairy cattle faecal shedding, suggesting that cattle may play a role in the seasonal peak of human infection. The objectives of this study were to assess if a seasonal trend in thermophilic Campylobacter spp. contamination of raw milk exists and to evaluate a possible relation between this and the increase of human campylobacteriosis incidence in summer months. The results showed a mean prevalence of 1.6% of milk samples positive for thermophilic Campylobacter spp. with a wide range (0.0-3.1%) in different months during the three years considered. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference (P<0.01) of the prevalence of positive samples for thermophilic Campylobacter spp. between warmer and cooler months (2.3 vs 0.6%). The evidence of a seasonal trend in thermophilic Campylobacter spp. contamination of raw milk sold for direct consumption, with an increase of the prevalence in warmer months, may represent one of the possible links between seasonal trend in cattle faecal shedding and seasonal trend in human campylobacteriosis.

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“…Of seven isolates tested, five (71.5 %) were resistant to doxycycline and six (85.8 %) to tetracyclines and ciprofloxacin (Wysok et al, 2011). In Italy, in a study in 2012 (Serraino et al, 2013), the presence of Campylobacter spp.…”

Section: Dairy Cattlementioning

confidence: 98%

“…For EU countries, in a study in 2010 on the occurrence of Campylobacter bacteria in 150 bulk milk samples of bovine origin tested from selected regions of Poland, C. jejuni was isolated from seven (4.6 %) samples. Of seven isolates tested, five (71.5 %) were resistant to doxycycline and six (85.8 %) to tetracyclines and ciprofloxacin (Wysok et al, 2011). In Italy, in a study in 2012 (Serraino et al, 2013), the presence of Campylobacter spp.…”

Section: Dairy Cattlementioning

confidence: 98%

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk

report¹

2015

EFSA Journal

119

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Raw drinking milk (RDM) has a diverse microbial flora which can include pathogens transmissible to humans. The main microbiological hazards associated with RDM from cows, sheep and goats, horses and donkeys and camels were identified using a decision tree approach. This considered evidence of milk-borne infection and the hazard being present in the European Union (EU), the impact of the hazard on human health and whether there was evidence for RDM as an important risk factor in the EU. The main hazards were Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium bovis and tick-borne encephalitis virus, and there are clear links between drinking raw milk and human illness associated with these hazards. A quantitative microbiological risk assessment for these hazards could not be undertaken because country and EU-wide data are limited. Antimicrobial resistance has been reported in several EU countries in some of the main bacterial hazards isolated from raw milk or associated equipment and may be significant for public health. Sale of RDM through vending machines is permitted in some EU countries, although consumers purchasing such milk are usually instructed to boil the milk before consumption, which would eliminate microbiological risks. With respect to internet sales of RDM, there is a need for microbiological, temperature and storage time data to assess the impact of this distribution route. Intrinsic contamination of RDM with pathogens can arise from animals with systemic infection as well as from localised infections such as mastitis. Extrinsic contamination can arise from faecal contamination and from the wider farm environment. It was not possible to rank control options as no single step could be identified which would significantly reduce risk relative to a baseline of expected good practice, although potential for an increase in risk was also noted. Improved risk communication to consumers is recommended. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk (RDM). In particular, the BIOHAZ Panel was requested to identify the main microbiological hazards of public health significance that may occur in RDM from different animal species, to assess the public health risk arising from the consumption of RDM, to assess the likelihood of RDM being a significant source of antimicrobial resistant bacteria/resistance genes, to assess the additional risks associated with the sale of RDM through vending machines and via the internet and to identify and rank potential control options to reduce public health risks arising from consumption of RDM.According to European Union (EU) legislation, "raw milk" is defined as milk produced by the secretion of the mammary gland of farmed animals that has not been heated to more than 40 °C or undergone any treatment that has an e...

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in raw milk in the selected areas of Poland

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofCampylobacterIsolated from Dressed Beef Carcasses and Raw Milk in Tanzania

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofCampylobacterIsolated from Dressed Beef Carcasses and Raw Milk in Tanzania

Seasonal variability of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in raw milk sold by automatic vending machines in Lombardy

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk

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