Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in Aquacultured Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Commercialized in Federal District, Brazil

Ferreira, Ana Carolina Almeida de Oliveira; Pavelquesi, Sabrina Lunara Santos; Monteiro, Erika da Silva; Rodrigues, Letícia Fernandes Silva; Silva, Calliandra Maria de Souza; Silva, Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da; Orsi, Daniela Castilho

doi:10.1089/fpd.2021.0010

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Regarding genotypic AMR, the predominant resistance genes were qnrS (65.4%) which was similar in tilapia and catfish in Egypt ( Algammal et al, 2022 ), and tetA (64.9%) and floR (55.9%) which was also observed in a previous study on farmed fish in Brazil ( Ferreira et al, 2021 ). These phenotypic and genotypic AMR findings indicate a likelihood of transmission of AMR Salmonella by consumption of contaminated fish products.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Emergence of colistin resistance and characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors ofAeromonas hydrophila,Salmonellaspp., andVibrio choleraeisolated from hybrid red tilapia cage culture

Thaotumpitak

Sripradite

Atwill

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background Tilapia is a primary aquaculture fish in Thailand, but little is known about the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae colonizing healthy tilapia intended for human consumption and the co-occurrence of these AMR bacteria in the cultivation water. Methods This study determined the phenotype and genotype of AMR, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, and virulence factors of A. hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and V. cholerae isolated from hybrid red tilapia and cultivation water in Thailand. Standard culture methods such as USFDA’s BAM or ISO procedures were used for the original isolation, with all isolates confirmed by biochemical tests, serotyping, and species-specific gene detection based on PCR. Results A total of 278 isolates consisting of 15 A. hydrophila, 188 Salmonella spp., and 75 V. cholerae isolates were retrieved from a previous study. All isolates of A. hydrophila and Salmonella isolates were resistance to at least one antimicrobial, with 26.7% and 72.3% of the isolates being multidrug resistant (MDR), respectively. All A. hydrophila isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%), followed by oxytetracycline (26.7%), tetracycline (26.7%), trimethoprim (26.7%), and oxolinic acid (20.0%). The predominant resistance genes in A. hydrophila were mcr-3 (20.0%), followed by 13.3% of isolates having floR, qnrS, sul1, sul2, and dfrA1. Salmonella isolates also exhibited a high prevalence of resistance to ampicillin (79.3%), oxolinic acid (75.5%), oxytetracycline (71.8%), chloramphenicol (62.8%), and florfenicol (55.3%). The most common resistance genes in these Salmonella isolates were qnrS (65.4%), tetA (64.9%), blaTEM (63.8%), and floR (55.9%). All V. cholerae isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, while the most common resistance gene was sul1 (12.0%). One isolate of A. hydrophila was positive for int1, while all isolates of Salmonella and V. cholerae isolates were negative for integrons and intSXT. None of the bacterial isolates in this study were producing ESBL. The occurrence of mcr-3 (20.0%) in these isolates from tilapia aquaculture may signify a serious occupational and consumer health risk given that colistin is a last resort antimicrobial for treatment of Gram-negative bacteria infections. Conclusions Findings from this study on AMR bacteria in hybrid red tilapia suggest that aquaculture as practiced in Thailand can select for ubiquitous AMR pathogens, mobile genetic elements, and an emerging reservoir of mcr and colistin-resistant bacteria. Resistant and pathogenic bacteria, such as resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline, or MDR Salmonella circulating in aquaculture, together highlight the public health concerns and foodborne risks of zoonotic pathogens in humans from cultured freshwater fish.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Emergence of colistin resistance and characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors ofAeromonas hydrophila,Salmonellaspp., andVibrio choleraeisolated from hybrid red tilapia cage culture

Thaotumpitak

Sripradite

Atwill

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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“…In a similar study in Nile tilapia fillets cultured in Brazil, ref. [ 104 ] reported a high prevalence of Salmonella spp. and a high AR rate for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (87.7%), tetracycline (82.5%), and sulfonamide (57.9%).…”

Section: Vehicles/pathways For Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance Development Pathways in Surface Waters and Public Health Implications

Kusi

Ojewole

et al. 2022

Antibiotics

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Human health is threatened by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their related infections, which cause thousands of human deaths every year worldwide. Surface waters are vulnerable to human activities and natural processes that facilitate the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. This study evaluated the pathways and drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AR) in surface waters. We analyzed antibiotic resistance healthcare-associated infection (HAI) data reported to the CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network to determine the number of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and their isolates detected in healthcare facilities. Ten pathogens and their isolates associated with HAIs tested resistant to the selected antibiotics, indicating the role of healthcare facilities in antimicrobial resistance in the environment. The analyzed data and literature research revealed that healthcare facilities, wastewater, agricultural settings, food, and wildlife populations serve as the major vehicles for AR in surface waters. Antibiotic residues, heavy metals, natural processes, and climate change were identified as the drivers of antimicrobial resistance in the aquatic environment. Food and animal handlers have a higher risk of exposure to resistant pathogens through ingestion and direct contact compared with the general population. The AR threat to public health may grow as pathogens in aquatic systems adjust to antibiotic residues, contaminants, and climate change effects. The unnecessary use of antibiotics increases the risk of AR, and the public should be encouraged to practice antibiotic stewardship to decrease the risk.

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“…The first or latest cases of antibiotic resistance of chosen foodborne pathogens in different parts of the world. References [ 257 , 258 , 259 , 260 , 261 , 262 , 263 , 264 , 265 , 266 , 267 , 268 , 269 , 270 , 271 , 272 , 273 , 274 , 275 , 276 , 277 , 278 , 279 , 280 , 281 , 282 , 283 , 284 , 285 , 286 , 287 , 288 , 289 , 290 , 291 , 292 , 293 , 294 , 295 , 296 , 297 , 298 , 299 , 300 , 301 , 302 ] are cited in the Supplementary Materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria—A Review

et al. 2022

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Background: A global problem of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among bacteria is the cause of hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. In response to the significant increase of MDR bacteria, legislative measures have widely been taken to limit or eliminate the use of antibiotics, including in the form of feed additives for livestock, but also in metaphylaxis and its treatment, which was the subject of EU Regulation in 2019/6. Numerous studies have documented that bacteria use both phenotypis and gentic strategies enabling a natural defence against antibiotics and the induction of mechanisms in increasing resistance to the used antibacterial chemicals. The mechanisms presented in this review developed by the bacteria have a significant impact on reducing the ability to combat bacterial infections in humans and animals. Moreover, the high prevalence of multi-resistant strains in the environment and the ease of transmission of drug-resistance genes between the different bacterial species including commensal flora and pathogenic like foodborne pathoges (E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Staphylococcus spp.) favor the rapid spread of multi-resistance among bacteria in humans and animals. Given the global threat posed by the widespread phenomenon of multi-drug resistance among bacteria which are dangerous for humans and animals, the subject of this study is the presentation of the mechanisms of resistance in most frequent bacteria called as “foodborne pathoges” isolated from human and animals. In order to present the significance of the global problem related to multi-drug resistance among selected pathogens, especially those danger to humans, the publication also presents statistical data on the percentage range of occurrence of drug resistance among selected bacteria in various regions of the world. In addition to the phenotypic characteristics of pathogen resistance, this review also presents detailed information on the detection of drug resistance genes for specific groups of antibiotics. It should be emphasized that the manuscript also presents the results of own research i.e., Campylobacter spp., E. coli or Enetrococcus spp. This subject and the presentation of data on the risks of drug resistance among bacteria will contribute to initiating research in implementing the prevention of drug resistance and the development of alternatives for antimicrobials methods of controlling bacteria.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella spp. in Aquacultured Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Commercialized in Federal District, Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Emergence of colistin resistance and characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors ofAeromonas hydrophila,Salmonellaspp., andVibrio choleraeisolated from hybrid red tilapia cage culture

Emergence of colistin resistance and characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors ofAeromonas hydrophila,Salmonellaspp., andVibrio choleraeisolated from hybrid red tilapia cage culture

Antimicrobial Resistance Development Pathways in Surface Waters and Public Health Implications

Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria—A Review

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