Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance inEscherichia colifrom Food Animals in Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract

Foodborne bacteria are often associated with human infections; these infections can become more complicated to treat if the bacteria are also resistant to antimicrobials. In this study, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic relatedness of Escherichia coli among food producing animals from Lagos, Nigeria, was investigated. From December 2012 to June 2013, E. coli were isolated from fecal samples of healthy cattle, chicken, and swine. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 22 antimicrobials was performed using broth microdilution with the Sensititre™ system. Clonal types were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). From the analysis, 211/238 (88.7%), 170/210 (81%), and 136/152 (89.5%) samples from cattle, chicken, and swine, respectively, were positive for E. coli. A subset of those isolates (n=211) selected based on β-lactamase production was chosen for further study. Overall, E. coli exhibited the highest resistance to tetracycline (124/211; 58.8%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (84/211; 39.8%), and ampicillin (72/211; 34.1%). Approximately 40% of the isolates were pan-susceptible, and none of the isolates were resistant to amikacin, cefepime, ceftazidime, ertapenem, meropenem, or tigecycline. Among the resistant isolates, 28 different resistance patterns were observed; 26 of those were characterized as multi-drug resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥2 antimicrobials). One isolate was resistant to 13 different antimicrobials representing five different antimicrobial classes. Using PFGE, MDR E. coli were genetically diverse and overall did not group based on source; identical PFGE patterns were detected among isolates from different sources. These results suggest that isolates cannot be attributed to specific sources, and some may be present across all of the sources. Results from this study indicate that food-producing animals in Nigeria are a reservoir of MDR E. coli that may be transferred to humans via the food chain.

Comparison of the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from commercial-layer and free-range chickens in Arusha district, Tanzania

“…Adenipekun et al (2015) reported lower resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (39.8%) in food producing animals in Nigeria. While resistance to these two antibiotics is conveyed by different genetic traits (Blahna et al, 2006;Hu et al, 2011), our data showed a strong correlation between these two resistance phenotypes (r = 0.99) that is consistent with closely-linked resistance traits.…”

“…Resistant bacteria from food animals can spread to humans directly or indirectly (Adenipekun et al, 2015). Direct transmission involves contact with reservoir animals, their feces or consumption of contaminated animal food products such as meat and eggs.…”

Prevalence and multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli from community-acquired infections in Lagos, Nigeria

“…Phylogenetic group B isolates have also been associated with avian phylogenetic groups, which pose a potential zoonotic risk [70][71][72]. Dissemination of these clones to humans through the food chain is a possibility since Lagosians depend on food-producing animals, especially poultry, as a main source of protein [14,72]. Phylogenetic group A has been reported to be more prevalent within the United States than abroad and infects urinary tract and non-urinary tract sites [73].…”

“…Resistance to a number of antimicrobials including aminoglycosides, β-lactams, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim have all been described in E. coli from clinical settings and food-producing animals [12][13][14]. MDR E. coli from the community have been described worldwide [15].…”

Antimicrobial Resistance in Food Animals and the Environment in Nigeria: A Review

“…The 80 studies excluded did not directly relate to the objectives or yielded information that could be subjected to organized peer review and data analysis. The 59 included studies were sorted into three categories of 42 antimicrobial resistance studies [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55], 16 antimicrobial residue studies [56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71], and 1 antiseptic or disinfectants study [72]. The PRISMA-style flowchart was modified and used for this analytical review (Figure S1) [73].…”