Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinically Relevant Candida Species, Identification of Candida auris and Kodamaea ohmeri in Bangladesh

Abstract

Candida species are major fungal pathogens in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of individual Candida species and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs among clinical isolates in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. During a 10-month period in 2021, high vaginal swabs (HVSs), blood, and aural swabs were collected from 360 patients. From these specimens, Candida spp. was isolated from cultures on Sabouraud dextrose agar media, and phenotypic and genetic analyses were performed. A total of 109 isolates were recovered, and C. albicans accounted for 37%, being derived mostly from HVSs. Among non-albicans Candida (NAC), C. parapsilosis was the most frequent, followed by C. ciferrii, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata. Three isolates from blood and two isolates from aural discharge were genetically identified as C. auris and Kodamaea ohmeri, respectively. NAC isolates were more resistant to fluconazole (overall rate, 29%) than C. albicans (10%). Candida isolates from blood showed 95% susceptibility to voriconazole and less susceptibility to fluconazole (67%). Two or three amino acid substitutions were detected in the ERG11 of two fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates. The present study is the first to reveal the prevalence of Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility in Bangladesh.

Emergence and circulation of azole-resistant C. albicans, C. auris and C. parapsilosis bloodstream isolates carrying Y132F, K143R or T220L Erg11p substitutions in Colombia

“…This shows that there is an important change in the rate of resistance, which in our study reached 18%. Nevertheless, the majority of C. albicans isolates were azole susceptible, thus the observed resistance percentage is mainly attributed to the presence of C. auris , which agrees with previous studies ( Pfaller et al., 2019 ; Sathi et al., 2022 ). Furthermore, it is noteworthy that 25% of the C. parapsilosis isolates were resistant to FLC, which confirms the increase of resistance in this species ( Escribano and Guinea, 2022 ) (see Figure 5 ).…”

Circulation of Fluconazole-ResistantC. albicans, C. aurisandC. parapsilosisBloodstream Isolates Carrying Y132F, K143R or T220L Erg11p Substitutions in Colombia

“…This shows that there is an important change in the distribution and rate of resistance, which in our study reached 18%. Nevertheless, the majority of C. albicans isolates were azole susceptible, thus the observed resistance percentage is mainly attributed to the presence of C. auris, which agrees with previous studies [35,40]. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that 25% of the C. parapsilosis isolates were resistant to FLC, which confirms the increase of resistance in this species Figure 5 [41].…”

Navigating the New Reality: A Review of the Epidemiological, Clinical, and Microbiological Characteristics of Candida auris, with a Focus on Children

“…According to the 22 publications of C. auris infection, comprising 256 children [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], reviewed herein, the most common type of invasive infection was bloodstream infection (94%, 194/206 patients with available data on the infection site) ( Table 3 and Table S1 ). The duration of candidemia was not reported in most studies and was available for only seven patients; the duration ranged between 7 and 11 days [ 16 , 20 , 36 ].…”

“…Following exclusion of suspected repetitive studies, the search yielded 23 publications that reported C. auris incidents in children [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Twelve publications included both adult and pediatric patients [ 17 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]; of them, one did not provide specific details of the pediatric patients and was excluded [ 26 ]. Six provided limited specific details of the pediatric patients [ 17 , 19 , 24 , 27 , 37 ].…”

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: , Table S1: Supplementary data on the clinical characteristics of children with C. auris infection or colonization [ 16 , 17 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 79 ].…”