Prevailing mechanisms in pseudo-protic ionic liquid metal extractions

Janssen, Camiel H. C.

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112738

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…ILs from different categories have already been investigated for their potential as a novel solvent in the extraction of metals from aqueous phases. The metals that were extracted were, for example, strontium, copper, cobalt, and nickel. ,− Recently, AILs and TSILs have been used for urban mining extracting rare earth metals from aqueous phases. ,− On the other hand, PPILs have a good potential as a novel solvent in liquid–liquid extractions of metals, but this has hardly been investigated for metal relevant for urban mining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudo-Protic Ionic Liquids for the Extraction of Metals Relevant for Urban Mining

Castillo-Ramírez

Janssen

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This work presents the possibility to use pseudo-protic ionic liquids (PPILs) in the extraction of indium, neodymium, yttrium, and lanthanum from aqueous phases. These metals are relevant for urban mining and can be found in the waste of electrical and electronic equipment. Four different PPILs were used: trihexylammonium octanoate, trioctylammonium myristate, trioctylammonium benzoate, and triocytlammonium cyclohexanoate. All of these four PPILs incorporate a readily available anion, in some cases from natural sources. This can lower the price of the PPIL, thereby generating a possible economic advantage over other ILs. Trihexylammonium octanoate in particular showed high extraction efficiencies for all four metal cations. In general, indium was very well extracted by all four PPILs. Three of the four PPILs can be recycled and reused in subsequent liquid–liquid extractions; only trioctylammonium myristate formed a nonrecyclable emulsion. Recuperation experiments of the metal cations from the PPILs showed that yttrium and neodymium are best recuperated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudo-Protic Ionic Liquids for the Extraction of Metals Relevant for Urban Mining

Castillo-Ramírez

Janssen

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…PPILs are similarly made as PILs from acids and bases. 47 However, PPILs are thought to be not fully ionic. 48−51 However, many other favorable characteristics of PPILs are similar to those of AILs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though these PPILs are known to extract copper selectively and efficiently from aqueous phases by complex formation, they cannot extract all types of heavy metals from aqueous phases. 31,47 An advantage of these PPILs for application in practice is that the octanoate, benzoate, or salicylate anions are biodegradable. In the case that extraction of the metal ions occurs via anion exchange using these PPILs, the aqueous phase is at least contaminated by biodegradable ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different examples of TSILs designed for selective extraction of metals are known from the literature. − , Protic ionic liquids (PILs) are synthesized by combining acids and bases. − A final category is distinguished as pseudoprotic ionic liquids (PPILs). PPILs are similarly made as PILs from acids and bases . However, PPILs are thought to be not fully ionic. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their molecular structures are shown in Figure . Though these PPILs are known to extract copper selectively and efficiently from aqueous phases by complex formation, they cannot extract all types of heavy metals from aqueous phases. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Metal Extractions from NaCl Brines to Pseudoprotic Ionic Liquids

Janssen

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In liquid–liquid extractions, the aqueous phase from which heavy metal ions are extracted often contains a mixture of salt ions (brine). These additional salt ions may have an effect on the efficiency and selectivity of the extraction of a specific heavy metal ion and may cause a shift in extraction mechanism when the organic phase is an ionic liquid. This has been demonstrated in this study for the extraction of Co, Ni, or Zn chloride by three pseudoprotic ionic liquids (PPILs) in the absence or presence of NaCl up to 4 times the concentration in seawater. In most cases, the extraction efficiency was increased by the presence of NaCl. This increase resulted from a shift in equilibrium referred to as the van’t Hoff–le Chatelier effect. In all cases, also, sodium ions were extracted, but at low efficiencies. An increase in NaCl presence in the brine leads to a slightly higher sodium extraction efficiency, which can also be contributed to the van’t Hoff–le Chatelier effect. Zn ions were transferred to the PPILs by neutral extraction, but only without NaCl in the brine. In all other cases, the transfer of the metal ions occurred with increasing anion exchange between the chloride ions and the trihexylammonium octanoate and trioctylammonium benzoate anions if more NaCl was present. In the case of extraction of Co or Ni ions with trioctylammonium salicylate, a shift in mechanism from anion into cation exchange was observed with a change in NaCl concentration.

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Study on the polarity and molar surface Gibbs energy of ether-based amino acid ionic liquids [COC4mim][Gly], [COC4mim][Ala] and [COC4mim][Thr]

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2021

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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Prevailing mechanisms in pseudo-protic ionic liquid metal extractions

Cited by 11 publications

References 48 publications

Pseudo-Protic Ionic Liquids for the Extraction of Metals Relevant for Urban Mining

Pseudo-Protic Ionic Liquids for the Extraction of Metals Relevant for Urban Mining

Heavy Metal Extractions from NaCl Brines to Pseudoprotic Ionic Liquids

Study on the polarity and molar surface Gibbs energy of ether-based amino acid ionic liquids [COC4mim][Gly], [COC4mim][Ala] and [COC4mim][Thr]

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