Pretreatment with polyamines alleviate the deleterious effects of diuron in maize leaves

Abstract

the effects of diuron, a photosystem ii inhibiting herbicide, on lipid peroxidation, photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein, proline contents and some antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves were studied and protective effects of polyamines against diuron toxicity were investigated. Diuron significantly increased lipid peroxidation, suggesting oxidative damage in the plants and proline content, while it decreased total chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble protein levels in the leaves during the experiments. Pretreatment with polyamines statistically decreased lipid peroxidation induced by diuron and spermine (sPm) proved to be the most effective polyamine. Also, pretreatment with polyamines significantly prevented the losses of total chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble protein induced by diuron. on the other hand, pretreatment with polyamines significantly increased proline contents of the leaves in comparison with the leaves treated with diuron. superoxide dismutase (sod), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (Gr) activities increased in the leaves treated with diuron while catalase (cat) activity decreased. Pretreatment with spermidine (SPD) did not change significantly SOD activity at 24 and 72 hrs of diuron treatment but prevented the increase in sod activity induced by diuron at 48 h. however, pretreatment with sPd increased GPX activity at 24 h and GR activity at 48 and 72 hrs. CAT activity in the leaves pretreated with SPD was similar to that of the leaves treated with diuron. Pretreatment with sPm prevented the increase in sod activity induced by diuron at 48 h but significantly increased it at 72 h of diuron treatment. However, pretreatment with SPM did not significantly change GPX and GR activities during the experiments but reversed the decrease in CAT activity induced by diuron at 72 h. Pretreatment with putrescine (PUT) prevented the increase in SOD activity induced by diuron at 48 and 72 hrs while it increased GPX and GR activities at 48 h of diuron treatment. Also, the decrease in CAT activity induced by diuron at 72 h was completely prevented by Put. it can be concluded that pretreatment of maize leaves with polyamines reduced the damage produced by diuron and the protective effects of polyamines against diuron toxicity were closely associated with antioxidant system.

Impacts of plant growth promoters and plant growth regulators on rainfed agriculture

“…It had been previously reported that SA significantly enhanced the chlorophyll content in many crop plants [60,61]. Previous studies suggest the significantly positive effects of Put on leaf chlorophyll content and was helpful in preventing the degradation of chlorophyll due to abiotic stresses [62,63].…”

Effects of exogenously applied plant growth regulators in combination with PGPR on the physiology and root growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and their role in drought tolerance

“…SA alone had greater values for chlorophyll content than P1 inoculation (T 1 ). It had been previously reported that SA and Putrescine significantly enhance the chlorophyll content in several crop plants (Zhang et al 2009;Rivas-San Vicente and Plasencia 2011;Durmuş and Bekircan 2015). The stimulatory role of PGPR on leaf chlorophyll content had been reported previously (Vafadar et al 2014;Fahad et al 2015).…”

Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Aphid-Infested Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings

“…Three GR transcripts were identified in rice and wheat, whereas two GR genes were found in genomes of maize and barley [ 16 ]. There has been increasingly reported that total activity of GR in maize tissues was profoundly regulated during developmental processes as well as under exposure to multitude environmental stimuli [ 60 , 61 ]. Durmuş and Bekircan [ 61 ] established that exposure to diuron (herbicide repressing the photosystem II) boosted the total activity of GR in the maize leaves.…”

“…There has been increasingly reported that total activity of GR in maize tissues was profoundly regulated during developmental processes as well as under exposure to multitude environmental stimuli [ 60 , 61 ]. Durmuş and Bekircan [ 61 ] established that exposure to diuron (herbicide repressing the photosystem II) boosted the total activity of GR in the maize leaves. In addition, pre-treatment of Z. mays plants with putrescine caused an increment in GR activity, and additionally, it counteracted the diuron-induced increase in activity of superoxide dismutase.…”