Pretreatment Strategies for Biochemical Conversion of Biomass

Chen, Hongzhang; Wang, Lan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802417-1.00003-x

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…On the other hand, the alkaline pretreated biomass had a soapy feel and frothed when washed with deionized water (Figure S3), which is expected from alkali catalyzed saponification of the oil to the soap (Brown, 1916). The main chemical reactions during alkaline pretreatment involve solvation and saponification, resulting in the swelling of the biomass, making the cellular parts susceptible to react with the external agent (Chen & Wang, 2017). The inconsistency in relaxometry analysis of alkali pretreated biomass revealed degradation of oil due to saponification reaction (Figure 4; Table S2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of time‐domain ¹H‐NMR relaxometry correlation for high‐throughput phenotyping method for lipid contents of lignocellulosic feedstocks

2021

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The bioenergy crops such as energycane, miscanthus, and sorghum are being genetically modified using state of the art synthetic biotechnology techniques to accumulate energy‐rich molecules such as triacylglycerides (TAGs) in their vegetative cells to enhance their utility for biofuel production. During the initial genetic developmental phase, many hundreds of transgenic phenotypes are produced. The efficiency of the production pipeline requires early and minimally destructive determination of oil content in individuals. Current screening methods require time‐intensive sample preparation and extraction with chemical solvents for each plant tissue. A rapid screen will also be needed for developing industrial extraction as these crops become available. In the present study, we have devised a proton relaxation nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) method for single‐step, non‐invasive, and chemical‐free characterization of in‐situ lipids in untreated and pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. The systematic evaluation of NMR relaxation time distribution provided insight into the proton environment associated with the lipids in the biomass. It resolved two distinct lipid‐associated subpopulations of proton nuclei that characterize total in‐situ lipids into bound and free oil based on their “molecular tumbling” rate. The T1T2 correlation spectra also facilitated the resolution of the influence of various pretreatment procedures on the chemical composition of molecular and local 1H population in each sample. Furthermore, we show that hydrothermally pretreated biomass is suitable for direct NMR analysis unlike dilute acid and alkaline pretreated biomass which needs an additional step for neutralization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of time‐domain ¹H‐NMR relaxometry correlation for high‐throughput phenotyping method for lipid contents of lignocellulosic feedstocks

2021

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“…However, this process was aimed at producing products that could replace petroleum-based products and as well as those obtained from the grains. Biomass biochemical conversion technologies are clean, pure, and efficient when compared with the other conversion technologies [43].…”

Section: Biochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Conversion Technologies for Bioenergy Generation: An Introduction

Garba¹

2021

Biotechnological Applications of Biomass

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Over the last century, there has been increasing debate concerning the use of biomass for different purposes such as foods, feeds, energy fuels, heating, cooling and most importantly biorefinery feedstock. The biorefinery products were aimed to replace fossil fuels and chemicals as they are renewable form of energy. Biomass is a biodegradable product from agricultural wastes and residues, forestry and aquaculture. Biomass could be sourced from a variety of raw materials such as wood and wood processing by-products, manure, fractions of organic waste products and agricultural crops. As a form of renewable energy, they have the advantages of easy storage, transportation, flexible load utilization and versatile applications. The aim of this study is to provide an overview for thermochemical and biochemical biomass conversion technologies that were employed currently. Attention was also paid to manufacture of biofuels because of their potentials as key market for large-scale green sustainable biomass product.

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“…However, high energy consumption is expected due to the application of high voltage during the operation (Kanoh et al, 1993;Battistel et al, 2020;Joo et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2021). The solvent extraction method uses the transfer of a compound from one liquid phase to another based on the different solubility or distribution coefficients of the compound (Chen and Wang, 2016). In this study, the solvent extraction or liquid-liquid extraction method was tested due to the simplicity of the process and the relatively short operation time (Yang et al, 2003;Masmoudi et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Silicate Ions on the Separation of Lithium From Geothermal Fluid

Lee

Chung

2022

Front. Chem. Eng.

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In an enhanced geothermal system (EGS), geothermal energy in rocks with insufficient permeability or fluid saturation can be used by creating artificial geothermal reservoirs. Generally, EGS geothermal fluid contains high concentrations of total dissolved solids that originated from various geochemical reactions between the fluid in the reservoir and the minerals in the rock. For example, the concentration of lithium ions are measured approximately 150 mg/L, and several researchers have focused on the recovery of lithium in the geothermal fluid using various methods, one of which is liquid extraction. Solvent extraction has been used to recover lithium from various sources, and successful recovery efficiency have been attained. However, the geothermal fluid in EGS reservoirs contains high concentrations of SiO2, which might inhibit the selective recovery of lithium. Thus, in this study, two consecutive stages of solvent extraction were used to separate the lithium from the geothermal fluid that contained different concentrations of SiO2 ions. The divalent ions were removed in the first stage, and the lithium ions were extracted effectively in the second stage. The SiO2 inhibits the selective recovery of lithium in the first stage to a greater extent than it does in the second stage. The spectroscopy data shows a decrease of the organic solvents main functional group (P=O & P-O-H) absorbance that reacts with the metal ions of the geothermal water after extraction however the intensity difference was reduced as the SiO2 concentrations increases. Silicate ions can be problematic due to the formation of scaling in EGSs, so controlling its concentration in the geothermal reservoir would be beneficial for the long-term operation of EGSs and for the successful recovery of valuable metal resources from EGS reservoirs.

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Pretreatment Strategies for Biochemical Conversion of Biomass

Cited by 37 publications

References 69 publications

Development and validation of time‐domain ¹H‐NMR relaxometry correlation for high‐throughput phenotyping method for lipid contents of lignocellulosic feedstocks

Development and validation of time‐domain ¹H‐NMR relaxometry correlation for high‐throughput phenotyping method for lipid contents of lignocellulosic feedstocks

Biomass Conversion Technologies for Bioenergy Generation: An Introduction

The Effect of Silicate Ions on the Separation of Lithium From Geothermal Fluid

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Pretreatment Strategies for Biochemical Conversion of Biomass

Cited by 37 publications

References 69 publications

Development and validation of time‐domain 1H‐NMR relaxometry correlation for high‐throughput phenotyping method for lipid contents of lignocellulosic feedstocks

Development and validation of time‐domain 1H‐NMR relaxometry correlation for high‐throughput phenotyping method for lipid contents of lignocellulosic feedstocks

Biomass Conversion Technologies for Bioenergy Generation: An Introduction

The Effect of Silicate Ions on the Separation of Lithium From Geothermal Fluid

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Development and validation of time‐domain ¹H‐NMR relaxometry correlation for high‐throughput phenotyping method for lipid contents of lignocellulosic feedstocks

Development and validation of time‐domain ¹H‐NMR relaxometry correlation for high‐throughput phenotyping method for lipid contents of lignocellulosic feedstocks