Pretreatment of whole blood using hydrogen peroxide and UV irradiation. Design of the advanced oxidation process

Abstract

A new process to pretreat blood samples has been developed. This process combines the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) treatment (using H2O2 and UV irradiation) with acid deactivation of the enzyme catalase in blood. A four-cell reactor has been designed and built in house. The effect of pH on the AOP process has been investigated. The kinetics of the pretreatment process shows that at high CH2O2,t = 0, the reaction is zeroth order with respect to CH2O2 and first order with respect to Cblood. The rate limiting process is photon flux from the UV lamp. Degradation of whole blood has been compared with that of pure hemoglobin samples. The AOP pretreatment of the blood samples has led to the subsequent determination of chromium and zinc concentrations in the samples using electrochemical methods.

Photocatalytic oxidation of organic dyes and pollutants in wastewater using different modified titanium dioxides: A comparative review

“…The doped elemental carbon acted as a photo sensitizer. Nitrogen substituted some oxygen atoms in the lattice of TiO 2 , M a n u s c r i p t 33 narrowing the band gap by mixing the N 2p and O 2p states or introducing a mid-gap (N 2p) level, which formed slightly above the top of the (O 2p) valence band [197,200,[203][204]. The main reason for the photoactivity improvement resulted from C-N-co-dopingis the band-gap energy reductions which lead to the adsorption of visible light promotion.…”

Novel Pretreatments of Whole Blood Using Fenton-Like Processes for Trace Metal Analysis

“…Catalase is a natural enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide and prevents the formation of hydroxyl radicals (Bragg, Armstrong and Xue 2012). In order for an AOP to reach its highest efficiency, the catalase must be inactive.…”

“…In order for an AOP to reach its highest efficiency, the catalase must be inactive. Low pH (below 3.00) causes a temporary denaturation of catalase, allowing for the oxidation method to take place unimpeded (Yong et al 2006; Bragg, Armstrong and Xue 2012). Once the catalase has been permanently destroyed, the pH is then raised without consequence if necessary.…”

“…1–2, Fe 2+ acts as a catalyst, cycling between the 2+ and 3+ oxidation states (Yong et al 2006; Bragg, Armstrong and Xue 2012; Blanco and Torrades 2012). …”

“…Past work in our group has successfully employed the photo-Fenton AOP method using UV irradiation as the photon source to mineralize swine blood samples (Bragg, Armstrong and Xue 2012). The study utilized a four-cell reactor that was designed and built in-house, and was coupled with the electrochemical detection of Cr(III) (trivalent chromium), an essential trace element in the body.…”