Pretreatment of Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse with Xylanase for Improving Dyeability with Natural Dyes

Abstract

In this study, cellulose was obtained from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and treated with xylanase to remove residual noncellulosic polymers (hemicellulose and lignin) to improve its dyeability. The cellulose fibers were dyed with natural dye solutions extracted from the heart wood of Ceasalpinia sappan Linn. and Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman analysis, and whiteness index (WI) indicated successful extraction of cellulose by eliminating hemicellulose and lignin. The FTIR analysis of the dyed fibers confirmed successful interaction between natural dyes and cellulose fibers. The absorption (K) and scattering (S) coefficient (K/S) values of the dyed fibers increased in cellulose treated with xylanase before dyeing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the surface of alkaline-bleached fibers (AB-fibers) was smoother than alkaline-bleached xylanase fibers (ABX-fibers), and the presence of dye particles on the surface of dyed fibers was confirmed by energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a higher crystallinity index (CrI), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) also presented higher thermal stability in the dyed fibers with good colorfastness to light. Therefore, xylanase treatment and natural dyes can enhance dyeability and improve the properties of cellulose for various industrial applications.

Assessment of Electrothermal Pretreatment of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Peels for Producing Cellulose Fibers

“…OH is an electrothermal process with rapid and uniform heating, which triggers softening and increases permeability of plant cell wall tissue, generating openings through which the solvent can enter to solubilize substrates. This mechanism results in rapid breakdown of the cell walls and disruption of their integrity, which in turn causes better accessibility for the bleaching agent, more rapid oxidation of the lignin, cleavage of lignin–carbohydrate linkages, destruction of chromophores, and faster removal of the oxidation products . There was a reduction in WI of the fibers for a longer bleaching time, which may be attributed to thermal degradation of cellulose, generation of oxidized groups (carbonyl carboxyl) along the cellulose chains, , and generation of the particular chemical behavior of cellulose-derived key chromophores. , …”

Biological Characterization and Quantification of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Peel Extract as a Potential Source of Valuable Minerals and Ellagitannins for Industrial Applications

“…The free radical scavenging antioxidant activity of the extracts was analyzed by DPPH assay. DPPH assay was evaluated with some modifications from ref ( 42 ). The extracts (0.1 mg/mL) were diluted to five different concentrations, and 1 mL of each concentration was mixed with 1 mL of 0.1 mM DPPH in 95% ethanol and incubated in the dark at room temperature for 30 min.…”

“…The absorbance was measured at 760 nm using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (UVmini-1240, Shimadzu, Japan). Standard solutions of gallic acid with concentrations in the range of 60–300 μg/mL wer used to prepare a standard curve . The total phenolic content of the extracts was expressed as micrograms (μg) of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per milligram (mg) of dried sample.…”

Critical Review of Bioadsorption on Modified Cellulose and Removal of Divalent Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, and Cu)

“…Thus, physical and chemical pretreatments of plant biomasses to discard the undesired components and enhance the accessibility of binding sites on cellulose become inevitable. , Physical pretreatments involve milling, grinding, chipping, and heat treatment to reduce the particle size and crystallinity and increase the surface area. Chemical pretreatments are generally done by acid (H 2 SO 4 , HCl, H 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , CH 3 COOH), alkali (NaOH, KOH, NH 4 OH), and chlorite solutions. , Chemical pretreatment facilitates delignification, bleaching, and removal of hemicellulose and other impurities present in the biomaterial. It is observed that application of acid or alkali pretreatment methods is beneficial and helps in extracting pure cellulose.…”