Pretreatment of agricultural residues for co-gasification via torrefaction

Deng, Jiankang; Wang, Guijun; Jiang-hong, Kuang; Zhang, Yunliang; Luo, Yonghao

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2009.08.006

Cited by 322 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…This is due to the release of volatile matter, constituted by non-condensable CO, CO 2 and condensable gases such as H 2 O, CH 3 OH, HCOOH and CH 3 COOH. Volatiles have high H/C and O/C ratios, implying a reduction in the H/C and O/C atomic ratios of the remaining solid after torrefaction process (Deng et al 2009, Nocquet et al 2014, Prins et al 2006b). Materials with higher heating value and low moisture content can benefit thermochemical processes such as combustion and gasification as the reaction temperatures in those processes can be increased (Pérez et al 2012, Torres-Fuchslocher andVaras-Concha 2015).…”

Section: Py-gc/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of torrefaction temperature on properties of Patula pine

Ramos-Carmona

Pérez

Peláez-Samaniego

et al. 2017

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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The objective of this work was to study the effect of torrefaction temperature on properties of patula pine (Pinus patula) wood that could be of interest for further thermochemical processing. Torrefaction temperature was varied from 200 to 300 °C for 30 minutes using a batch spoon type reactor. Raw and torrefied materials were characterized for proximate and ultimate analyses, thermogravimetry, and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Results showed that torrefied pine has greater higher heating value and chemical exergy due to the reduction of O/C and H/C ratios. Compared with raw biomass, the material torrefied at 200 and 250 °C did not present significant changes in chemical composition and thermal behavior. Conversely, material torrefied at 300 °C did show important changes in both chemical composition and thermal behavior. Py-GC/MS results suggested that the main constituents of biomass, i.e., hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, suffer a progressive thermal degradation with increase in torrefaction temperature.

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Section: Py-gc/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of torrefaction temperature on properties of Patula pine

Ramos-Carmona

Pérez

Peláez-Samaniego

et al. 2017

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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“…Several studies have also investigated the composition of liquid and gas released during torrefaction Prins et al 2006;Deng et al 2009). During torrefaction, numerous reaction products are formed.…”

Section: Torrefaction Off-gas Composition Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is a result of the competition between charring and devolatilization reactions that become more reactive at higher temperatures. The study of Deng et al (2009) on the influence of temperatures on the yields of torrefied samples and heating value can be seen in Table 9. Mani (2009) worked on the effect of torrefaction temperature on the proximate composition of forest residue samples (Table 10).…”

Section: Torrefaction Off-gas Composition Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This reaction produces CO. Traces of hydrogen and methane are also detected in noncondensable products. A gas composition comparison between wood and agricultural residues indicates that the latter is characterized by a higher CO 2 production Prins et al 2006;Deng et al 2009). In addition, a kinetic study on the generation of main noncondensable gases shows that the gases are formed through parallel independent first-order reactions (Prins et al 2006).…”

Section: Noncondensable Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass Torrefaction Process Review and Moving Bed Torrefaction System Model Development

Tumuluru¹,

Sokhansanj²,

Wright³

2010

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Torrefaction is gaining attention as an important preprocessing step to improve the quality of biomass in terms of physical properties and chemical composition. Torrefaction is a slow heating of biomass in an inert or reduced environment to a maximum temperature of approximately 300°C. Torrefaction can also be defined as a group of products resulting from the partially controlled and isothermal pyrolysis of biomass occurring in a temperature range of 200-280ºC. Thus, the process can be called a mild pyrolysis as it occurs at the lower temperature range of the pyrolysis process. At the end of the torrefaction process, a solid uniform product with lower moisture content and higher energy content than raw biomass is produced. Most of the smoke-producing compounds and other volatiles are removed during torrefaction, which produces a final product that will have a lower mass but a higher heating value.There is a lack of literature on the design aspects of torrefaction reactor and a design sheet for estimating the dimensions of the torrefier based on capacity. This study includes (a) a detailed review of biomass torrefaction in terms of understanding the process, product properties, off-gas compositions, and methods used, and (b) a methodology for designing a moving bed torrefier, taking into account the basic fundamental heat and mass transfer calculations. Specific objectives include establishing a set of basic calculations for configuring a torrefaction system, like the diameter and height of the moving packed bed for different capacities, and the heat loads and gas flow rates of the system. Develop Excel© worksheet so a user can define design specifications. In this report, 25-1000 kg/hr are used in equations for the design of the torrefier. Examples of calculations and specifications for the torrefier are included.iv This page intentionally left blank.v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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“…If the solid products are pressed into briquettes their energy density can be further enhanced. With increased grindability of the solid products that compose the biomass, this fuel may be used on large scale in a pulverized *Corresponding author (email: yhluo@sjtu.edu.cn) boiler or an entrained flow gasifier [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of biomass by torrefaction

et al. 2011

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Agricultural biomass has some drawbacks such as high moisture content, low energy density and wide distribution and as a result, the cost of transport and storage are high. Moreover, raw biomass has poor grindability so its use in a pulverized boiler or entrained flow gasifier is difficult. Torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis process carried out at temperatures ranging from 200°C to 300°C to deal with these problems. The cotton stalk and wheat straw were torrefied in a fix-bed reactor at moderate temperatures (200°C, 230°C, 250°C, 270°C and 300°C) under N 2 for 30 min. The biomass chars after torrefaction had higher energy density and improved grindability characteristics compared with raw biomass and they also showed hydrophobic characteristics. The volatiles consist of a condensable fraction and a non-condensable fraction. The former mainly contained water and tar (organic products but mainly acetic acid). The non-condensable products are typically comprised of CO 2 , CO and a small amount of CH 4 and even trace H 2 . The volatiles increased with an increase in the torrefaction temperature but the solid yield and the energy yield decreased. However, the grindability and energy density of the biomass char showed great improvement. A kinetic study on the generation of the main non-condensable gases was undertaken and we conclude that the gases are formed by parallel independent first-order reactions. Characteristic kinetic parameters for the generation of each gas were determined.

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Pretreatment of agricultural residues for co-gasification via torrefaction

Cited by 322 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of torrefaction temperature on properties of Patula pine

Effect of torrefaction temperature on properties of Patula pine

Biomass Torrefaction Process Review and Moving Bed Torrefaction System Model Development

Pretreatment of biomass by torrefaction

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