Pretreatment of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) producing wastewater using a combined zero-valent iron (ZVI) reduction and Fenton oxidation process

Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell on plasmonic Ag/AgCl @ chiral TiO 2 nanofibers for treatment of urban wastewater effluents, with simultaneous production of hydrogen and electricity

“…Within this wide contest, wastewater 6 previously considered as a waste is increasingly being used as a valuable resource for 7 producing fresh water, energy and fertilizing nutrients (N and P). For instance, the 8 wastewater"s organic content can be converted into methane gas through the anaerobic 9 process [1], and microbial fuel cell (MFC) [2,3] may also be a viable route for the 10 production of energy from wastewater treatment.…”

“…For instance, the 8 wastewater"s organic content can be converted into methane gas through the anaerobic 9 process [1], and microbial fuel cell (MFC) [2,3] may also be a viable route for the 10 production of energy from wastewater treatment. Photocatalytic oxidation using 11 titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is an effective method for the removal of chemically stable 12 contaminants, it requires no chemicals input or output and TiO 2 is inexpensive and 13 non-toxic [4][5][6][7][8]. The photocatalytic oxidation of contaminants is initiated by the 14 excitation of TiO 2 , which results in the promotion of an electron (e-) to the conduction 15 band (CB) and creation of a hole (h+) in the valence band (VB) of TiO 2 [9].…”

“…Conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWPs), typically based on biological processes, are unable of removing some emerging contaminants such as endocrine disrupting chemicals [4] pharmaceuticals and personal care products [5]. Furthermore, residual TOC, TN, TP and heavy metals could still remain at the effluent of MWWPs [6]. All these residual contaminants in the effluent represent an increasing threat to human health, the ecological environment and global sustainability, in addition to representing an avoidable loss of valuable energy.…”

“…In this 2 process, the redox couples play a very important role as electrons bridges for the 3 stabilization of charges in the DSSCs. One major innovating aspect of the present study 4 is the replacement of the redox couples (such as I -/I 3 -) in DSSCs with organic and 5 inorganic compounds naturally occurring in urban wastewater, which collectively can 6 act as an effective electrolyte and also reduced the dye in excited state to stable state. 7 Although dyes have been reported to be unstable in water, they may have a temporary 8 sensitization effect.…”

“…Prior to irradiation, twelve fabricated DSPC cells (the volume of each cell was 12.5 6 were vertically fixed into an oscillation box, and were all shaken in the dark, for 40 7 to establish adsorption-desorption equilibrium of the solution species with the 8 electrodes. Then water samples for analysis were taken when all 12 cells were 9 irradiated for two hours using an AM 1.5 solar simulator (Oriel) equipped with a 150 10 xenon light and AM 1.5G type filter (Newport, 81094).…”