Preterm White Matter Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study

Intrauterine desensitization enables long term survival of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells without immunosuppression

“…According to the World Health Organization, approximately 15 million premature infants are born every year, and white matter damage is one of the leading causes of death in infants younger than five years. 1 , 19 Mature OLs differentiated from hOPCs are myelinating cells in the central nervous system. 20 , 21 Endogenous hOPCs may promote re-myelination in acute demyelinating lesions, but not myelination in chronic demyelinating lesions.…”

“…Premature infants with white matter injury (WMI) are often associated with neurodevelopmental sequelae such as cognitive and behavioral disorders, and cerebral palsy with the pathophysiologic characteristics associated with poor myelination, and a global health concern and the most common cause of chronic neurological morbidity. 1 Since clinically effective treatments are currently unavailable, exploring effective treatments for premature white matter injury (PWMI) is necessary. 2 Endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) may promote re-myelination in acute demyelinating lesions but not myelination in chronic demyelinating lesions.…”

A Multiplanar Radiomics Model Based on Cranial Ultrasound to Predict the White Matter Injury in Premature Infants and an Analysis of its Correlation With Neurodevelopment

“…A total of 267 premature infants with high-risk elements for WMI in the neonatal departments of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University between Jan 2019 and Dec 2022 were retrospectively included in the training and verification sets. The inclusion criteria were as follows [21][22][23] : 26 weeks ≤ gestational age < 37 weeks; brain ultrasound examination was completed within 3-7 days after admission, MRI examination completed within 2 weeks after birth; high-risk factors leading to brain oxygen supply, blood supply and metabolic disorders of premature infants: history of asphyxia and hypoxia, perinatal infection, eclampsia, maternal chorioamnionitis, history of mechanical ventilation, intracranial hemorrhage, hypoglycemia, and so on. The exclusion criteria were as follows: craniocerebral structural malformations, severe malformations in other organs, genetic metabolic diseases, and poor-quality two-dimensional ultrasound images (ie, the ultrasound scan of infants with a small fontanel may show a large blind area and unclear image quality).…”

Maternal and Neonatal Factors Modulating Breast Milk Cytokines in the First Month of Lactation

“…The neonate parameters collected from medical records were sex, Apgar score at 5 min, antibiotherapy (yes/no), and presence of NAO. According to the neonatologist guidelines of the HCSC, NAO was considered if neonates were diagnosed with any of the following comorbidities: cardiac alterations (persistent patent arterial ductus or presence of hemodynamic alterations based on echocardiographic and clinical criteria); neurological alterations (cerebral white matter lesions, germinal or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) defined according to Volpe's classification [28,29]); Chronic Neonatal Lung Disease (CNLD), defined as neonate requirement for supplemental oxygen during first 28 days of life and clinical lungs evaluation at ≥36 weeks of postmenstrual age; [30]); Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), considered infant at stage IIA and above, according to a modified Bell's criteria; [31]); Late Onset Sepsis (LOS), defined as clinical signs of septicemia along with a positive blood culture after 72 h).…”