Preterm cerebellum at term age: ultrasound measurements are not different from infants born at term

Graça, André; Geraldo, Ana Filipa; Cardoso, Kátia; Cowan, Frances

doi:10.1038/pr.2013.154

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…MRI-1) cerebellar hemispheric volumetric reduction was no longer evident at the second MRI when PT infants at TEA were compared to the healthy in-utero fetuses that were imaged shortly after birth. The lack of cerebellar hemispheric volumetric differences at TEA is in keeping with several previous studies that compared PT infants at TEA to term-born control neonates using comparable 3D volumetric MRI data for total cerebellar measurements (Parikh et al, 2013) or 2D cerebral ultrasound measurements (Graca et al, 2013; Sancak et al, 2016). Our data suggest that cerebellar hemispheric growth is accelerated at TEA as recently described by Kim and colleagues (Kim et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Notably, we did not find any other 3D volumetric reports that compared the cerebellar regional growth in PT infants between birth and term equivalent age, thus limiting any comparisons to existing literature. We did however identify two studies reporting a larger cerebellar vermis, as assessed by 2D measurements of cranial ultrasound in PT infants at TEA when compared to full term infants (Graca et al, 2013; Sancak et al, 2016). Nevertheless, unlike our study, these differences were not statistically significant when accounting for infant head size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early extra-uterine exposure alters regional cerebellar growth in infants born preterm

Brossard‐Racine

McCarter

Murnick

et al. 2019

NeuroImage: Clinical

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ObjectivesTo compare third trimester global and regional cerebellar volumetric growth at two time-points between very preterm (PT) infants and healthy gestational age-matched fetuses in the PT period and at term equivalent age (TEA).Study designUsing a prospective study design, high resolution anatomic magnetic resonance images (MRI) were acquired in PT infants (gestational age at birth < 32 weeks; birthweight < 1500 g) without cerebellar injury and healthy full-term controls. PT infants completed two MRIs, one as soon as medically stable and the other around TEA. Controls also completed two MRIs, one in utero (i.e. fetal MRI) and a postnatal MRI shortly after birth. The cerebellum of each participant was parcellated into 5 regions: left and right hemispheres, the anterior, neo and posterior vermis. Evidence of differences in regional volumes between term and pre-term infants matched for gestational age (GA) at the time of the first MRI were assessed using multiple linear regression.Results: we studied 76 subjects38 PT infants were matched to 38 healthy fetuses. At MRI-1, PT infants demonstrated decreased cerebellar hemispheric volumes and increased anterior, neo- and posterior vermian regional volumes when compared to healthy fetuses. At TEA, PT infants demonstrated a persistent increase in anterior, neo- and posterior vermian regional volumes but no longer showed reductions in cerebellar hemispheric volume. Only the neovermis volume demonstrated a significant negative association with birthweight, male gender and supratentorial injury.ConclusionsIn the absence of demonstrable cerebellar parenchymal injury evident on conventional MRI, PT birth is associated with cerebellar growth alterations that are regionally- and temporally-specific.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early extra-uterine exposure alters regional cerebellar growth in infants born preterm

Brossard‐Racine

McCarter

Murnick

et al. 2019

NeuroImage: Clinical

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“…Although cranial ultrasound is the diagnostic imaging of choice for ruling out the appearance of brain pathology in the population of high-risk preterm neonates (93)(94)(95)(96), and clearly an acoustically quieter examination than an MRI, some consider MRI to be more accurate. Linear measurements from cranial ultrasound have been strongly correlated with major neonatal cerebral sites seen on MRI (72,93,(97)(98)(99), although several regions, including the posterior horn depth of the lateral ventricle and the cortex of the cingulate gyrus, may appear to be slightly narrower than when measured sonographically (97). For that reason, in the present study we intentionally chose not to focus on absolute values of brain measurements, but rather report normalized values based on the TTD of each infant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother’s voice and heartbeat sounds elicit auditory plasticity in the human brain before full gestation

Webb¹,

Heller

Benson

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

106

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Brain development is largely shaped by early sensory experience. However, it is currently unknown whether, how early, and to what extent the newborn's brain is shaped by exposure to maternal sounds when the brain is most sensitive to early life programming. The present study examined this question in 40 infants born extremely prematurely (between 25-and 32-wk gestation) in the first month of life. Newborns were randomized to receive auditory enrichment in the form of audio recordings of maternal sounds (including their mother's voice and heartbeat) or routine exposure to hospital environmental noise. The groups were otherwise medically and demographically comparable. Cranial ultrasonography measurements were obtained at 30 ± 3 d of life. Results show that newborns exposed to maternal sounds had a significantly larger auditory cortex (AC) bilaterally compared with control newborns receiving standard care. The magnitude of the right and left AC thickness was significantly correlated with gestational age but not with the duration of sound exposure. Measurements of head circumference and the widths of the frontal horn (FH) and the corpus callosum (CC) were not significantly different between the two groups. This study provides evidence for experience-dependent plasticity in the primary AC before the brain has reached full-term maturation. Our results demonstrate that despite the immaturity of the auditory pathways, the AC is more adaptive to maternal sounds than environmental noise. Further studies are needed to better understand the neural processes underlying this early brain plasticity and its functional implications for future hearing and language development. auditory | brain | mother's voice | heartbeat | preterm newborns

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“…Cerebral structures were measured as previously described (6,(21)(22)(23)(24). Scanning was performed at the bedside with the infant's head in supine position.…”

Section: Cranial Ultrasonography Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Protein Intake Influences Neonatal Brain Measurements in Preterms: An Observational Study

et al. 2020

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Introduction: To limit extrauterine growth restriction, recent guidelines on nutrition of preterm neonates recommended high protein intake since the first day of life (DOL). The impact of this nutritional strategy on the brain is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the effects of protein intake on early cerebral growth in very low birth weight newborns. Materials and Methods: We performed serial cranial ultrasound (cUS) scans at 3-7 DOL and at 28 DOL in very low birth weight newborns consecutively observed in the neonatal intensive care unit. We analyzed the relation between protein intake and cerebral measurements at 28 DOL performed by cUS. Results: We enrolled 100 newborns (gestational age 29 ± 2 weeks, birth weight 1,274 ± 363 g). A significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between enteral protein intake and biparietal diameter (r = 0.490 * *), occipital-frontal diameter (r = 0.608 * *), corpus callosum (length r = 0.293 * , genu r = 0.301 *), caudate head (right r = 0.528 * * , left r = 0.364 * *), and cerebellum (transverse diameter r = 0.440 * * , vermis height r = 0.356 * * , vermis width r = 0.377 * *) was observed at 28 DOL. Conversely, we found a significant negative correlation of protein intake given by parenteral nutrition (PN) with biparietal diameter (r = −0.524 * *), occipital-frontal diameter (r = −0.568 * *), body of corpus callosum (r = −0.276 *), caudate head (right r = −0.613 * * , left r = −0.444 * *), and cerebellum (transverse diameter r = −0.403 * * , vermis height r = −0.274 * , vermis width r = −0.462 * *) at 28 DOL. Multivariate regression analysis showed that measurements of occipital-frontal diameter, caudate head, and cerebellar vermis at 28 DOL depend positively on protein enteral intake (r = 0.402 * , r = 0.305 * , and r = 0.271 *) and negatively by protein parenteral intake (r = −0.278 * , r = −0.488 * , and r = −0.342 *). Conclusion: Brain development in neonatal life depends on early protein intake. High protein intake affects cerebral structures' measurements of preterm newborn when administered by PN. Positive impact on brain development encourages the administration of recommended protein intake mainly by enteral nutrition.

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Preterm cerebellum at term age: ultrasound measurements are not different from infants born at term

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Early extra-uterine exposure alters regional cerebellar growth in infants born preterm

Early extra-uterine exposure alters regional cerebellar growth in infants born preterm

Mother’s voice and heartbeat sounds elicit auditory plasticity in the human brain before full gestation

Early Protein Intake Influences Neonatal Brain Measurements in Preterms: An Observational Study

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