Pretenders and Contenders: Inflammation, C‐Reactive Protein, and Interleukin‐6

Sex differences in the inflammatory response to stress and risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes among patients with coronary heart disease

“…Prior research has also shown that higher values of IL-6 were associated with the risk of clinical outcomes in stable CHD patients and after acute coronary syndromes, including recurrent coronary events and all-cause mortality (Fanola, Morrow et al, 2017;Held, White et al, 2017), and may be a more robust risk biomarker than CRP (Held, White et al, 2017). These previous findings suggest that IL-6 reflects a pathophysiological process for adverse cardiovascular outcomes rather than being a mere risk biomarker (Daniels, 2017). In this current study, we show that IL-6 is an important pathway through which women with CHD are susceptible to increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.…”

“…Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular events. Several inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), together with acute phase C-reactive protein (CRP), have been shown to predict cardiovascular events in healthy individuals as well as individuals with underlying coronary heart disease (CHD) (Blankenberg, Rupprecht et al, 2003;Daniels, 2017;de Lemos, Morrow et al, 2007;Fanola, Morrow et al, 2017;Held, White et al, 2017;Ridker, 2014;Ridker, Hennekens et al, 2000;Yabluchanskiy, Ma et al, 2013).…”

The Combined Use of Tocilizumab and Hemoadsorption in a Patient with SARS-COV-2-19-Associated Pneumonia: A Case Report

“…This system has been developed by Fardet et al [13] to assess the individual risk of reactive HS in patients with septic shock and is based on the measurement of 22 variables whose derangement is ranked according to the deviation from their normal values; however, it requires some information that can be either difficult to gather in SARS-COV-2-19 patients, such as the presence of hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow aspirate or not directly related to the SARS-COV-2-19 such as the hepatomegaly or the splenomegaly. A more practical approach could be constituted by the repeated measurements of the CRP as this acute-phase reactant is produced under the stimulation of the IL-6 [14]. Put in other terms, the CRP could be considered as a proxy of IL-6, and its elevation could prompt the initiation of the tocilizumab and HA therapies.…”

Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty

“…The CANTOS trial 168 has revealed that anti-inflammatory therapy with canakinumab, a human monoclonal anti-IL-1β antibody, significantly reduced recurrent cardiovascular events in >10,000 stable patients who had residual inflammation after myocardial infarction, independent of lowered lipid levels 169 . The ongoing CIRT trial 170 is testing the hypothesis that low-dose methotrexate, a drug that suppresses IL-1β production by mononuclear cells in addition to other functions 171 , reduces major vascular events in patients with previous myocardial infarction and either type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. In a small pilot study (the LoDoCo trial) 172 , anti-inflammatory treatment with colchicine seemed to be effective for secondary prevention of CVD.…”