Presynaptic malfunction: The neurotoxic effects of cadmium and lead on the proton gradient of synaptic vesicles and glutamate transport

Neuromodulatory properties of fluorescent carbon dots: Effect on exocytotic release, uptake and ambient level of glutamate and GABA in brain nerve terminals

“…In turn, the latter can underlie their weak transporter-mediated uptake. This suggestion follows from our recent experiments demonstrating that the treatment of synaptosomes with 200 nM bafilomycin A1 for 20 min lowered the initial velocity of l-[ 14 C]glutamate uptake from 2.5 ± 0.3 nmol/min/mg protein to 1.1 ± 0.2 nmol/min/mg protein (Borisova et al, 2011b), which means that the inhibition of vesicular uptake by this treatment caused a significant decrease (by more than two times) in the activity of Na + -dependent L-[ 14 C]glutamate uptake by plasma membrane transporters. Consequently, C-dotsevoked attenuation of the neurotransmitters uptake resulted in the enhancement of their ambient level in nerve terminals.…”

“…As dissipation of the proton gradient of synaptic vesicles causes a decrease in transporter-mediated glutamate uptake (Borisova et al, 2011b;Borisova and Krisanova, 2008) and taking into account the A B Fig. 8.…”

“…It is clear that the lower the proton gradient in synaptic vesicles, the less the accumulation of the neurotransmitters in synaptic vesicles, and also their exocytotic release will be. Dissipation of the proton gradient by bafilomycin A1, a highly specific inhibitor of V-type ATPase, or by the protonophore FCCP causes a decrease in KClevoked exocytotic release of glutamate and in the initial velocity of glutamate uptake by synaptosomes (Borisova et al, 2011b, Borisova andKrisanova, 2008).…”

Low-level Chronic Lead Exposure Impairs Neural Control of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Rats

“…*P \ 0.05, and ***P \ 0.001 versus the respective control group. All comparisons were performed using an unpaired Student's t test actions is unclear, the literature indicates that some autonomic changes are centrally mediated [44,45]. Additionally, it is already known that the lower sensitivity of the baroreflex promoted by angiotensin II plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension, mainly by central actions, characterised by vasopressin release, sympathetic activation and baroreflex inhibition [46,47].…”

Monitoring of the velocity of high-affinity glutamate uptake by isolated brain nerve terminals using amperometric glutamate biosensor

“…In neuroscience area, the measurements of kinetic characteristics of glutamate uptake in synaptosomes are carried out presumably using radioactively labeled L-[ 14 C]glutamate [22][23][24]. Uptake of other amino acid neurotransmitters is measured similarly using radioactive labeled technique, where aliquots of synaptosomal suspension after different manipulation are filtered through fiberglass filters Whatman GF/C, which then are washed with the buffer.…”