Presumptive herpesvirus‐associated erythema multiforme in a cat

Lucia, Michela De; Cabré, Maria; Denti, Daria; Mezzalira, Giorgia; Rondena, M.; Furlanello, Tommaso

doi:10.1111/vde.12901

Cited by 2 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…1 Biopsy samples from all of the ferrets in this study demonstrated the histological criteria of EM including lymphocytic exocytosis and satellitosis, multilevel keratinocyte apoptosis and interface dermatitis. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]9,10 Apoptotic keratinocytes also were frequently present within the follicular epithelium. The interface dermatitis was classified as cell-poor lymphocytic to lymphoplasmacytic, with lesser neutrophilic infiltration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…canine parvovirus and feline herpesvirus). 9,10 The most frequently reported precipitating factor is a drug hypersensitivity reaction. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Drug-induced EM has been seen with sulfonamides, penicillins and cephalosporins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,[4][5][6] In cats, lesions are characterised by crusting and erosions or ulcerations affecting the trunk and mucocutaneous junctions. 1,[4][5][6]10 The diagnostic criteria of targetoid lesions in humans have not been well-adapted to animals, and therefore, the diagnosis of EM in animals relies on specific histological criteria along with clinical correlation. 1,6 Biopsy samples must have panepidermal cytotoxic dermatitis with keratinocyte apoptosis and lymphocytic satellitosis.…”

Section: O R I G I N a L A R T I C L E A Retrospective Study Of The R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,6 Biopsy samples must have panepidermal cytotoxic dermatitis with keratinocyte apoptosis and lymphocytic satellitosis. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]9,10 Most EM cases in animals have been reported as drug-induced lesions secondary to trimethoprim-potentiated sulphonamides, penicillins and cephalosporins. [1][2][3][4][5][6] However, none of the animals have been challenged with these drugs to prove a drug-induced aetiology and underlying diseases cannot be ruled out as possible triggers of the cytotoxic changes.…”

Section: O R I G I N a L A R T I C L E A Retrospective Study Of The R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,[3][4][5][6] Viral infections linked with cytotoxic dermatitis include feline herpes virus, canine parvovirus and anecdotal reports of canine distemper virus in ferrets. 9,10 There are very few published cases of EM in ferrets. The literature to date describes two cases of 5-year-old neutered male ferrets that presented with progressive erythematous papules and crusted plaques that began on the ventral abdomen and inguinum.…”

Section: O R I G I N a L A R T I C L E A Retrospective Study Of The R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A retrospective study of the range of cutaneous clinical and histological features of erythema multiforme in five ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Hess¹,

Trainor²,

Schick³

et al. 2023

Veterinary Dermatology

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BackgroundErythema multiforme (EM) is an uncommon cutaneous reaction pattern characterised by panepidermal keratinocyte apoptosis with lymphocytic satellitosis, and is reported in domestic animal species, livestock and rarely ferrets.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyse the spectrum of cutaneous clinical and histological features in ferrets with EM and to evaluate history and treatment outcomes.AnimalsFive client‐owned ferrets with biopsy‐confirmed EM.Materials and MethodsRetrospective review of electronic medical records and histopathological reports from 2002 to 2021. Tissue blocks, haematoxylin and eosin re‐cuts, and unstained slides were collected to review EM lesions and evaluate for infectious agents with special stains. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess cases for viral pathogens.ResultsPanepidermal cytotoxic dermatitis consistent with EM was identified in all cases and involved haired skin in four of five and mucous membranes in one of five ferrets. Skin lesions included variably pruritic alopecia, erythema, scaling, crusts and erosions/ulcerations. Histological features included primarily parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, panepidermal keratinocyte apoptosis, lymphocytic satellitosis and interface dermatitis. Superficial colonisation by bacteria, yeasts or by both was a common finding. Four of five ferrets had concurrent adrenal disease, one of which had resolution of skin lesions with deslorelin acetate treatment.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceAwareness of the distinct clinical and histological features is key to the diagnosis of EM in ferrets. Clinical resolution was observed with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists in two cases, suggesting that adrenal disease should be ruled out as a potential trigger of EM in ferrets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: O R I G I N a L A R T I C L E A Retrospective Study Of The R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: O R I G I N a L A R T I C L E A Retrospective Study Of The R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: O R I G I N a L A R T I C L E A Retrospective Study Of The R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A retrospective study of the range of cutaneous clinical and histological features of erythema multiforme in five ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Hess¹,

Trainor²,

Schick³

et al. 2023

Veterinary Dermatology

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Cytotoxic dermatitis: Review of the interface dermatitis pattern in veterinary skin diseases

Affolter

2023

Vet Pathol

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Interface dermatitis or lichenoid interface dermatitis refers to a cutaneous inflammatory pattern in which keratinocyte cell death is the essential feature. These terms have evolved from the originally described lichenoid tissue reaction. These lesions are the basis for an important group of skin diseases in animals and people where cytotoxic T-cell-mediated epidermal damage is a major pathomechanism. Yet, for largely historical reasons these commonly used morphological diagnostic terms do not reflect the essential nature of the lesion. An emphasis on subsidiary lesions, such as the presence of a lichenoid band, and definitions based on anatomical features, such as location at the dermo-epidermal location, may cause confusion and even misdiagnosis. This review covers historical aspects of the terminology, including the origin of terms such as “lichenoid.” The types of cell death involved and the histopathologic lesions are described. Etiopathogenesis is discussed in terms of aberrations of immune/inflammatory mechanisms focusing on cutaneous lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Mechanisms have most extensively been studied in humans and laboratory animals and the discussion is centered on these species. As interface dermatitis is firmly entrenched in dermatological parlance, rather than using “cytotoxic” as its substitute, the terminologies “interface cytotoxic dermatitis” and “panepidermal cytotoxic dermatitis” are recommended, based on location and extent of epithelium affected.

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Presumptive herpesvirus‐associated erythema multiforme in a cat

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

A retrospective study of the range of cutaneous clinical and histological features of erythema multiforme in five ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

A retrospective study of the range of cutaneous clinical and histological features of erythema multiforme in five ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Cytotoxic dermatitis: Review of the interface dermatitis pattern in veterinary skin diseases

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