Presumptive Evidence for the Absence of Functional
Germ Cell Chimerism in the Marmoset

Gengozian, Nazareth; Jg, Brewen; Rj, Preston; Js, Batson

doi:10.1159/000460118

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Karyotypic analysis of C. jacchus revealed that testes cells express unusual orientation during meiosis, and this evidence suggested that the germ-line cells might include female cells present because of chimerism (8,10). However, further karyotypic analysis refuted these findings, and an analysis of sex ratios in captive colonies of C. jacchus suggested that germ-line chimerism was not present (11). To investigate whether chimerism occurs in tissues other than those derived from the hematopoietic system, species-specific microsatellite markers were used to examine the extent and distribution of chimerism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets ( Callithrix kuhlii )

Ross

French

Ortı́

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

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The formation of viable genetic chimeras in mammals through the transfer of cells between siblings in utero is rare. Using microsatellite DNA markers, we show here that chimerism in marmoset (Callithrix kuhlii) twins is not limited to blood-derived hematopoietic tissues as was previously described. All somatic tissue types sampled were found to be chimeric. Notably, chimerism was demonstrated to be present in germ-line tissues, an event never before documented as naturally occurring in a primate. In fact, we found that chimeric marmosets often transmit sibling alleles acquired in utero to their own offspring. Thus, an individual that contributes gametes to an offspring is not necessarily the genetic parent of that offspring. The presence of somatic and germ-line chimerism may have influenced the evolution of the extensive paternal and alloparental care system of this taxon. Although the exact mechanisms of sociobiological change associated with chimerism have not been fully explored, we show here that chimerism alters relatedness between twins and may alter the perceived relatedness between family members, thus influencing the allocation of parental care. Consistent with this prediction, we found a significant correlation between paternal care effort and the presence of epithelial chimerism, with males carrying chimeric infants more often than nonchimeric infants. Therefore, we propose that the presence of placental chorionic fusion and the exchange of cell lines between embryos may represent a unique adaptation affecting the evolution of cooperative care in this group of primates.callitrichid ͉ genetic chimerism ͉ genomic conflict ͉ social behavior

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets ( Callithrix kuhlii )

Ross

French

Ortı́

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

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“…Freemartinism occurs in other artiodactyla, in birds, and in a few other species. We used to believe that some primitive germ cells might also travel through embryonic intertwin anastomoses to take up residence in the opposite-sex host; fi ndings by Gengozian et al ( 1980 ) , however, have made this unlikely. In addition, many investigations have addressed issues of immunological tolerance in chimerism (Porter and Gengozian 1969 ;Tippett 1984 ) .…”

Section: Chimerism Mosaicismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Pregnancies

Benirschke¹,

Burton²,

Baergen³

2012

Pathology of the Human Placenta

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“…The presence of two cell lineages 2n=46,XX/46,XY in Callithrix, comes from the cellular exchange via placental anastomosis between heterosexual twins (Benirschke et al 1962, Gengozian et al 1964). The frequent occurrence of chimerism (Ardito et al 1995, Gengozian et al 1980) in callitrichids may be related to evolutionary aspects about their social systems (Haig 1999). In these animals, parental care depends on the father and other members of the group other than the mother, explained by the high-energy costs that the female would have for the creation of twins with two births per year (Santos and Martins 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Chimerism in Marmosets (Callithrix: Primates)

Silva

Armada

Verona³

et al. 2017

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The birth of fraternal twins is a characteristic frequently observed in callitrichids. Cytogenetic studies have demonstrated hematopoietic chimerism in marmosets with the occurrence of two cell lines 2n=46,XX/46,XY in females and males co-twins, without phenotypic changes. Amplification by PCR have also been used to verify the presence of the SRY gene in female chimaeras. Our aim was to verify the occurrence of chimerism in Callithrix sp. individuals considered as hybrids according to their intermediate phenotypes between C. jacchus and C. penicillata. Blood samples from 37 Callithrix sp. individuals were collected. Hematopoietic chimerism 2n=46,XX/46,XY was detected by cytogenetic analysis in five individuals, three males and two females. A fragment of approximately 200bp of the SRY gene was amplified in seven females with normal external genitalia. The percentage of 32% of chimeric individuals detected in the present study is similar to that observed for pure specimens of Callithrix. These data suggests that hybridization probably does not interfere with the occurrence of twin gestation, nor of chimerism. Although cytogenetics is the main tool to identify the two cell lineages present in cases of chimerism, the amplification of the SRY gene by PCR has proved to be more efficient to identify the Y chromosome in cases of chimeric female marmoset.

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Presumptive Evidence for the Absence of Functional Germ Cell Chimerism in the Marmoset

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets ( Callithrix kuhlii )

Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets ( Callithrix kuhlii )

Multiple Pregnancies

Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Chimerism in Marmosets (Callithrix: Primates)

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