Pressurized pyrolysis of dried distillers grains with solubles and canola seed press cake in a fixed-bed reactor

Ateş, Funda; Miskolczi, Norbert; Saricaoğlu, Beyza

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.163

Cited by 36 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this sense, an increase in the mass flow rate of N2 for pressurized pyrolysis runs led to a reduction of the concentration of volatiles within the reactor, possibly resulting in a lower extent of secondary charring reactions. The decrease in the yield of biochar with pressure is in disagreement with some previous studies, which have reported on a higher production of biochar when the pressure was increased [9][10][11][12][13] as a consequence of an enhancement of the secondary charring reactions. However, it should be noted that these previous studies were carried out at a constant mass flow rate of inert gas (at NTP conditions) and, thus, the gas residence time increased as the pressure rose.…”

Section: Carbonization Efficiency and Distribution Of The Pyrolysis Pcontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…In other words, the gas residence time within the reactor was increased when the pyrolysis system was pressurized. Thus, most of the earlier studies have reported on an increment of the char and gas yields, at the expense of tar (i.e., organic condensable fraction), when both the pressure and gas residence time had been increased [9][10][11][12][13]. Particularly interesting are the results obtained at the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA), where a Flash Carbonization (FC) system was used to carbonize a number of agricultural residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the effects of using a carbon dioxide atmosphere on the properties of vine shoots-derived biochar

Azuara

Eva

Manso

et al. 2017

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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This study analyzes the effects of using a different atmosphere (pure N2 or pure CO2) at two levels of absolute pressure (0.1 and 1.1 MPa) on the pyrolysis of vine shoots at a constant peak temperature of 600 °C. Recycling CO2 from residual flue gases into the pyrolysis process may be economically beneficial, since CO2 can replace the use of an expensive N2 environment. In addition, the use of a moderate pressure (e.g., 1.1 MPa) can result in higher carbonization efficiencies and an improvement in the pyrolysis gas (in terms of yield and composition). Results from our study suggest that the use of CO2 instead of N2 as pyrolysis environment led to similar carbonization efficiencies (i.e., fixed-carbon yields) and mass yields of biochar. The chemical properties related to the potential stability of biochar (i.e., fixed-carbon content and molar H:C and O:C ratios) were very similar for both pyrolysis atmospheres. Under an atmosphere of CO2, the yield of produced CO2 was drastically decreased at the expense of an increase in the yield of CO, probably as a consequence of the promotion of the reverse Boudouard reaction, especially at high pressure. The enhanced reverse Boudouard reaction can also explain the relatively high BET specific surface area and the macro-porosity development observed for the biochar produced under a CO2 environment at 1.1 MPa. In summary, the pressurized pyrolysis of biomass under an atmosphere of CO2 appears as a very interesting route to produce highly stable and porous biochars and simultaneously improving the yield of CO.

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Section: Carbonization Efficiency and Distribution Of The Pyrolysis Pcontrasting

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the effects of using a carbon dioxide atmosphere on the properties of vine shoots-derived biochar

Azuara

Eva

Manso

et al. 2017

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…Ates et al [38] for the pressurized pyrolysis of two biomass sources, seems to be contradictory with the higher extent of the secondary reactions of the primary volatile species, since both thermal cracking and dehydration processes can notably increase the production of water [19]. However, a higher consumption of water can also be promoted by pressure by means of an enhancement of several reactions: (1) steam reforming of volatile organic compounds and/or light hydrocarbons, (2) watergas-shift reaction (reaction #1 in Table 2), and (3) steam gasification (reaction #5 in Table 2).…”

Section: Pure N2 Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the mass-loss rate during atmospheric and pressurized slow pyrolysis of wheat straw in a bench-scale reactor

Greco¹,

Videgain²,

Stasi³

et al. 2018

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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HIGHLIGHTS Higher pressure led to higher devolatilization rates in a narrower period of time  Using a mixture of CO2 and N2 at 0.1 MPa favored the thermal cracking of volatiles  Under CO2/N2 an increased pressure led to a decrease in the yields of CO and CH4 Biochar produced at 0.1 MPa under CO2/N2 had the highest specific surface area ABSTRACT In the present study, the effects of the absolute pressure (0.1 or 0.5 MPa) and the reactor atmosphere (pure N2 or a mixture of CO2/N2) on the pyrolysis behavior of wheat straw pellets (at 500 °C) were investigated. The most interesting aspect of this work was the use of a weighing platform (with a maximum capacity of 100 kg and a resolution of 0.5 g) to monitor the real-time mass-loss data for the biomass sample (with an initial mass of 400 g). It was observed that an increased pressure considerably affects the mass-loss profiles during the pyrolysis process, leading to higher devolatilization rates in a shorter period of time. Regardless of the pyrolysis atmosphere, an increase in the absolute pressure led to higher yields of gas at the expense of produced water and condensable organic compounds. This finding could be due to the fact that an increased pressure favors the exothermic secondary reactions of the intermediate volatile organic compounds in both liquid and vapor phases. The switch from pure N2 to a mixture of CO2 and N2 at 0.1 MPa also led to a remarkable increase in the yield of produced gas at the expense of the total liquid. This could be mainly due to the promotion of the thermal cracking of the volatile organic compounds at a high partial pressure of CO2, which is also consistent with the measured higher yields of CH4 and CO. The increased yield of CO can also be seen as a direct result of the enhanced reverse Boudouard reaction, which can also explain the much higher specific surface area (and ultra-micropore volume) measured for the biochar produced under the same operating conditions (0.1 MPa and a mixture CO2/N2 as pyrolysis medium).3

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“…De-oiled seedcake is a major by-product of the biodiesel industry that is usually obtained after the oil extraction from the Jatropha curcas, canola, and pennycress. The residual oil in seedcakes gives them a higher energy content than lignocellulosic materials [76]. Typical de-oiled seedcake contains lipids (2-20%), a good protein amount (10-40%), very high volatile matter (70-90%), and lower ash content (0.5-10%).…”

Section: Biomass Feedstock Availability and Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of the Pyrolyzer Reactors and Advanced Technologies for Biomass Pyrolysis Processing

et al. 2021

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In the future, renewable energy technologies will have a significant role in catering to energy security concerns and a safe environment. Among the various renewable energy sources available, biomass has high accessibility and is considered a carbon-neutral source. Pyrolysis technology is a thermo-chemical route for converting biomass to many useful products (biochar, bio-oil, and combustible pyrolysis gases). The composition and relative product yield depend on the pyrolysis technology adopted. The present review paper evaluates various types of biomass pyrolysis. Fast pyrolysis, slow pyrolysis, and advanced pyrolysis techniques concerning different pyrolyzer reactors have been reviewed from the literature and are presented to broaden the scope of its selection and application for future studies and research. Slow pyrolysis can deliver superior ecological welfare because it provides additional bio-char yield using auger and rotary kiln reactors. Fast pyrolysis can produce bio-oil, primarily via bubbling and circulating fluidized bed reactors. Advanced pyrolysis processes have good potential to provide high prosperity for specific applications. The success of pyrolysis depends strongly on the selection of a specific reactor as a pyrolyzer based on the desired product and feedstock specifications.

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Pressurized pyrolysis of dried distillers grains with solubles and canola seed press cake in a fixed-bed reactor

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

Study on the effects of using a carbon dioxide atmosphere on the properties of vine shoots-derived biochar

Study on the effects of using a carbon dioxide atmosphere on the properties of vine shoots-derived biochar

Evolution of the mass-loss rate during atmospheric and pressurized slow pyrolysis of wheat straw in a bench-scale reactor

Progress of the Pyrolyzer Reactors and Advanced Technologies for Biomass Pyrolysis Processing

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